Chapter 1 mental health disorders psychiatric nursing practice with complete questions and answers.

Chapter 1 mental health disorders psychiatric nursing practice with complete questions and answers. Overview part 1 - correct answers.In 1873, Linda Richards graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston. She went on to improve nursing care in psychiatric hospitals and organized educational programs in state mental hospitals in Illinois. Richards is called the first American psychiatric nurse; she believed that "the mentally sick should be at least as well cared for as the physically sick" (Doona, 1984). The first training of nurses to work with persons with mental illness was in 1882 at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts. The care was primarily custodial and focused on nutrition, hygiene, and activity. Nurses adapted medical-surgical principles to the care of clients with psychiatric disorders and treated them with tolerance and kindness. The role of psychiatric nurses expanded as somatic therapies for the treatment of mental disorders were developed. Treatments, such as insulin shock therapy (1935), psychosurgery (1936), and electroconvulsive therapy (1937), required nurses to use their medical-surgical skills more extensively. The first psychiatric nursing textbook, Nursing Mental Diseases by Harriet Bailey, was published in 1920. In 1913, Johns Hopkins was the first school of nursing to include a course in psychiatric nursing in its curriculum. It was not until 1950 that the National League for Nursing, which accredits nursing programs, required schools to include an experience in psychiatric nursing. (Videbeck 7) Videbeck, Sheila L. Lippincott CoursePoint for Videbeck: Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 7th Edition. CoursePoint, 10/3/2016. VitalBook file. Overview part 2 - correct answers.Two early nursing theorists shaped psychiatric nursing practice: Hildegard Peplau and June Mellow. Peplau published Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952 and Interpersonal Techniques: The Crux of Psychiatric Nursing in 1962. She described the therapeutic nurse-client relationship with its phases and tasks and wrote extensively about anxiety (see Chapter 14). The interpersonal dimension that was crucial to her beliefs forms the foundations of practice today. Mellow's 1968 work, Nursing Therapy, described her approach of focusing on clients' psychosocial needs and strengths. Mellow (1986) contended that the nurse as therapist is particularly suited to working with those with severe mental illness in the context of daily activities, focusing on the here and now to meet each person's psychosocial needs. Both Peplau and Mellow substantially contributed to the practice of psychiatric nursing. The American Nurses Association (ANA) develops standards of care, which are revised as needed. Standards of care are authoritative statements by professional organizations that describe the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable. They are not legally binding unless they are incorporated into the state nurse practice act or state board rules and regulations. When legal problems or lawsuits arise, these professional standards are used to determine safe and acceptable practice and to assess the quality of care. The standards form the basis for specialty areas to write standards for practice. The American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) has Standards of practice and standards of professional performance. This document also outlines the areas of practice and phenomena of concern for today's psychiatric-mental health nurse. The phenomena of concern describe the 13 areas of concern that mental health nurses focus on when Phenomena of concern - correct answers.Phenomena of concern for psychiatric-mental health nurses include Promotion of optimal mental and physical health and well-being and prevention of mental illness Impaired ability to function related to psychiatric, emotional, and physiologic distress Alterations in thinking, perceiving, and communicating due to psychiatric disorders or mental health problems Behaviors and mental states that indicate potential danger to self or others Emotional stress related to illness, pain, disability, and loss Symptom management, side effects, or toxicities associated with self-administered drugs, psychopharmacologic intervention, and other treatment modalities The barriers to treatment efficacy and recovery posed by alcohol and substance abuse and dependence Self-concept and body image changes, developmental issues, life process changes, and end-of-life issues Physical symptoms that occur along with altered psychological status Psychological symptoms that occur along with altered physiologic status Interpersonal, organizational, sociocultural, spiritual, or environmental circumstances or events that have an effect on the mental and emotional well-being of the individual and family or community Elements of recovery, including the ability to maintain housing, employment, and social support, that help individuals reengage in seeking meaningful lives Societal factors such as violence, poverty, and substance abuse (Videbeck 8) Videbeck, Sheila L. Lippincott CoursePoint for Videbeck: Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing, 7th Edition. CoursePoint, 10/3/2016. VitalBook file.