Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of
Form and Function (Ch. 9)
Joint (articulation) - ANSAny point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are
movable at that interface
Arthrology - ANSThe science of joint structure, function and dysfunction
Kinesiology - ANSThe study of musculoskeletal movement
Biomechanics - ANSDeals with a broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in
the body, including the physics of blood circulation, respiration and hearing
Bony Joint (synostosis) - ANSImmovable joint formed when the gap between two bones
ossifies and they become a single bone fused by osseous tissue. Includes frontal bone,
mandible and epiphyseal plate
Fibrous Joint (synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint) - ANSPoint at which two adjacent bones
are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them,
and penetrate into the other with variable degrees of mobility. Includes skull sutures, tooth
sockets and interosseous membrane in the radius and ulna
Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial) Joint - ANSTwo bones joined by cartilage
that allows for little motion but retains a significant amount of stability. Includes pubic
symphysis and intervertebral disc. (Syndochondrosis if hyaline; symphysis if fibrocartilage)
Synovial (diarthrodial) Joint (diarthrosis) - ANSA joint in which the opposing bone surfaces
are covered with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage and there is some degree of free
movement and are separated by a space filled with synovial fluid. Includes shoulder, elbow,
hip, knee and knuckles
Articular Cartilage - ANSThin hyaline cartilage layer that covers epiphyses or articular
surface of bones in synovial joints
Synovial Fluid - ANSviscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and
tendon sheaths that lubricates, nourishes, and keeps the joint moveable; contains proteins
(albumins), and GAG (gycosaminoglycans)
Joint Cavity - ANSSmall space between the articulating surfaces of the two bones of the joint
that has a small amount of synovial fluid
Joint Capsule - ANSConnective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid and had
two layers:
synovial membrane layer: produce fluid, macrophage
Form and Function (Ch. 9)
Joint (articulation) - ANSAny point where two bones meet, whether or not the bones are
movable at that interface
Arthrology - ANSThe science of joint structure, function and dysfunction
Kinesiology - ANSThe study of musculoskeletal movement
Biomechanics - ANSDeals with a broad variety of movements and mechanical processes in
the body, including the physics of blood circulation, respiration and hearing
Bony Joint (synostosis) - ANSImmovable joint formed when the gap between two bones
ossifies and they become a single bone fused by osseous tissue. Includes frontal bone,
mandible and epiphyseal plate
Fibrous Joint (synarthrosis or synarthrodial joint) - ANSPoint at which two adjacent bones
are bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross the space between them,
and penetrate into the other with variable degrees of mobility. Includes skull sutures, tooth
sockets and interosseous membrane in the radius and ulna
Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis or amphiarthrodial) Joint - ANSTwo bones joined by cartilage
that allows for little motion but retains a significant amount of stability. Includes pubic
symphysis and intervertebral disc. (Syndochondrosis if hyaline; symphysis if fibrocartilage)
Synovial (diarthrodial) Joint (diarthrosis) - ANSA joint in which the opposing bone surfaces
are covered with hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage and there is some degree of free
movement and are separated by a space filled with synovial fluid. Includes shoulder, elbow,
hip, knee and knuckles
Articular Cartilage - ANSThin hyaline cartilage layer that covers epiphyses or articular
surface of bones in synovial joints
Synovial Fluid - ANSviscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and
tendon sheaths that lubricates, nourishes, and keeps the joint moveable; contains proteins
(albumins), and GAG (gycosaminoglycans)
Joint Cavity - ANSSmall space between the articulating surfaces of the two bones of the joint
that has a small amount of synovial fluid
Joint Capsule - ANSConnective tissue that encloses the cavity and retains the fluid and had
two layers:
synovial membrane layer: produce fluid, macrophage
