Bontrager Ch. 8 Actual Questions With Answers

Bontrager Ch. 8 Actual Questions With Answers On average, how many separate bones make up the adult vertebral column? - ANSWER- 26 The spinal cord tapers off to a point distally at the vertebral level of: a. lower L5. b. L2-3 intervertebral space. c. L1-L2. d. L4-5 intervertebral space. - ANSWER- c. L1-L2. Which of the following is the first compensatory spinal curvature to develop in the young child? a. Sacral b. Cervical c. Thoracic d. None of the above - ANSWER- b. Cervical Scoliosis is defined as abnormal or exaggerated: a. "swayback" lumbar curvature. b. convex curvature. c. lateral curvature. d. concave curvature. - ANSWER- c. lateral curvature. Kyphosis is defined as: a. normal or abnormal lumbar swayback curvature. b. abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity. c. normal compensatory curve of thoracic spine. d. normal or abnormal convex sacral curvature. - ANSWER- b. abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity. The bony structures connected directly to the vertebral body are the: a. transverse processes. b. pedicles. c. laminae. d. articular processes. - ANSWER- b. pedicles. The most posterior aspect of a typical vertebra is the: a. pedicle. b. lamina. c. spinous process. d. body. - ANSWER- c. spinous process. The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed: a. zygapophyseal joints. b. synarthrodial joints. c. intervertebral joints. d. fibrous joints - ANSWER- a. zygapophyseal joints. Which of the following thoracic vertebra(e) possess no facets for costotransverse joints? a. T1 b. T11-12 c. None of the above d. T10-12 - ANSWER- b. T11-12 The zygapophyseal joints for the typical cervical vertebra lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane. a. 70 to 75 degrees b. 60 degrees c. 90 degrees d. 45 degrees - ANSWER- c. 90 degrees The most prominent aspect of the thyroid carilage corresponds to the vertebral level of: a. C1-2. b. C4-6. c. C6-7. d. C7-T1. - ANSWER- b. C4-6. The zygapophyseal joints for the thoracic spine lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane. a. 90 degrees b. 70 to 75 degrees c. 45 degrees d. 60 degree - ANSWER- b. 70 to 75 degrees T2-3 intervertebral disk space is found at the level of the: a. 2 inches (5 cm) below the jugular notch. b. jugular notch. c. xiphoid process. d. sternal angle. - ANSWER- b. jugular notch. The gonion corresponds to the level of: a. C7. b. C1. c. C4-5. d. C3. - ANSWER- d. C3. The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of: a. T8 b. T10 c. T7 d. T12 - ANSWER- b. T10 Along with increasing the source image receptor distance (SID), what other factor(s) will improve spatial resolution for lateral and oblique projections of the cervical spine? a. using a small focal spot b. using a large focal spot c. collimation d. none of the above - ANSWER- a. using a small focal spot Along with the upper incisors, what other bony landmarks must be aligned for the AP open-mouth projection? a. Base of skull b. Tip of mandible c. Inferior margin of lower incisors d. Thyroid cartilage - ANSWER- a. Base of skull How much CR angulation is required for the AP axial projection for the cervical spine? a. CR is perpendicular to the image receptor b. 5 to 10 degrees cephalad c. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad d. 15 to 20 degrees caudad - ANSWER- c. 15 to 20 degrees cephalad Why are the anterior oblique projections (RAO/LAO) preferred over the posterior oblique projections of the cervical spine? a. More comfortable for the patient b. Less thyroid and breast dose c. Prevent overlap of the mandible over the spine d. Place the zygapophyseal joints closer to the image receptor - ANSWER- b. Less thyroid and breast dose Which of the following positions will demonstrate the left intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? a. RAO b. LPO c. Lateral d. LAO - ANSWER- a. RAO Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine? a. AP axial b. Posterior obliques c. Lateral d. Anterior obliques - ANSWER- c. Lateral Which of the following is not a correct criterion for the AP axial C spine projection? a. C3 to T2 or T3 vertebral bodies should be visible b. Spinous processes are seen to be equal distances from the vertebra body lateral borders c. Center of the collimation field is at C4 d. All of the above are correct criteria - ANSWER- d. All of the above are correct criteria Which of the following factors does not apply to a lateral projection of the cervical spine? a. Use a 72-inch (183 cm) SID b. Suspend respiration upon full inspiration c. Perform horizontal-beam lateral projection if trauma is suspected d. Center CR to thyroid cartilage - ANSWER- b. Suspend respiration upon full inspiration Why is the chin extended for a lateral projection of the cervical spine? a. To open up the C1-2 joint space b. To demonstrate the articular pillars c. To open up the intervertebral joint space d. To prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine - ANSWER- d. To prevent superimposition of the mandible upon the spine T/F: The PA projection (Judd method) is intended to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joint between C1 and C2 - ANSWER- False T/F: The posterior cervical oblique projections demonstrate the intervertebral foramina and pedicals on the side closest to the image receptor. - ANSWER- False The AP axial-vertebral arch projection may be performed to better demonstrate the: a. posterior aspects of the mid and lower cervical vertebrae b. the articulations (zygapophyseal) joints between the lateral masses (pillars) c. laminae and spinous processes d. all of the above - ANSWER- d. all of the above What type of CR angle must be used when performing the AP axial C spine projection erect?