Week 6: Cellular regulation
Metabolic and physiological ‘regulation’
Whole body metabolism
Carbohydrate
Liver: glucose → glycogen, glucose → FA synthesis
RBC, brain → insulin independent
Muscle → insulin dependent, glycogen storage
Adipose tissue → insulin dependent, glycerol production, TG storage
Protein
Muscle → protein synthesis.
Glucogenic AA → in liver, glycogen storage / oxidation
Ketogenic AA → oxidation
, Fat
Insulin → activates LPL → free FA → stored in adipose tissue
Little bit of beta oxidation also happens
Insulin → inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
Overnight
fasting
Differences compared to carbohydrate diet:
- Liver: glycogen → glucose, gluconeogenesis
- Lower glucose blood levels
- No glucose uptake into the adipose tissue
- Adipose tissue: TG → FA + glycerol
- Liver: FA → beta oxidation, Glycerol → gluconeogenesis
- Muscle: glucose & FA absorption, anaerobic glycolysis (cori
cycle)
Metabolic and physiological ‘regulation’
Whole body metabolism
Carbohydrate
Liver: glucose → glycogen, glucose → FA synthesis
RBC, brain → insulin independent
Muscle → insulin dependent, glycogen storage
Adipose tissue → insulin dependent, glycerol production, TG storage
Protein
Muscle → protein synthesis.
Glucogenic AA → in liver, glycogen storage / oxidation
Ketogenic AA → oxidation
, Fat
Insulin → activates LPL → free FA → stored in adipose tissue
Little bit of beta oxidation also happens
Insulin → inhibits lipolysis in adipose tissue
Overnight
fasting
Differences compared to carbohydrate diet:
- Liver: glycogen → glucose, gluconeogenesis
- Lower glucose blood levels
- No glucose uptake into the adipose tissue
- Adipose tissue: TG → FA + glycerol
- Liver: FA → beta oxidation, Glycerol → gluconeogenesis
- Muscle: glucose & FA absorption, anaerobic glycolysis (cori
cycle)
