Use of Force MPTC Questions and Answers 100% Pass

Use of Force MPTC Questions and Answers 100% Pass Force Definition: Physical strength exerted upon an object or person; exerting power to influence or control; imposing something on someone. Under julian v randazzo, police may use force that is reasonable to: Take someone into custody, overcome resistance, prevent an escape, or protect officers and others from harm before, during, and after the arrest Non deadly force Is neither intended, nor likely to cause serious bodily injury or death. Police may use non deadly force when: The officer believes force is needed to make a lawful arrest. Note: The officer must attempt to communicate that he is placing the person under arrest and why Deadly Force Is intended to, or will likely cause death, great bodily harm, or serious bodily injury. Police officers may use deadly force when: The crime involved includes the use or threatened use of deadly force; The officer believes deadly force if used will not create a substantial risk of injury to innocent persons; and/or there is a substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury is his apprehension is delayed. Bodily Harm Injury that does not pose or create a substantial risk of death, permanent disfigurement, or significant loss/impairment. Serious bodily Harm An injury that results in a permanent disfigurement, loss/impairment of a bodily function, limb, or organ. Or that causes substantial risk of death. Graham v. Connor US Supreme Court case that set the "Reasonableness Standard" Totality of the Circumstances The complete picture of what was happening including: - Type and severity of the crime - Did the suspect pose an immediate threat to officers or others - Was the suspect actively resisting arrest or attempting to escape custody by flight. Tennessee v. Garner Police may use deadly force to stop a fleeing suspect from escaping IF; the suspect threatens the officer with a weapon; OR there is probable cause to believe the suspect has committed a crime involving the infliction of serious injury; AND deadly force is necessary to prevent escape; AND where feasible, some warning was given. Threat Perception Categories Strategic, Tactical, Volatile, Harmful, Lethal Strategic: Baseline for being on duty. Aware of surroundings and employs basic safety strategies (distance/positioning) Tactical There is a perceived risk, and safety strategies are deployed. Underlying circumstances and other factors indicate confrontation or enforcement action. Volatile Threat potential is recognized by the officer. The level of danger and potential for bodily harm is increased with action by police ongoing or certain. Harmful Perceived threat of bodily harm to officers or others is ongoing or imminent. Lethal Perceived threat of imminent risk of death or serious bodily injury to officer or third party Perceived Subject Actions The officers perception of suspects actions and threat presented. - Compliant, Resistant (passive), Resistant (active), Assaultive (bodily harm), Assaultive (serious bodily injury/death). Positions of approach: Do not approach suspect from the inside position. Approach from #1 position when in front of the suspect Approach from the 2-1/2 position when attempting to handcuff a suspect. Handcuff nomenclature: Double Strands The two curved metal bars attached by a hinge that encloses one wrist. Fixed and designed so the single strand can rotate or pass through Handcuff Nomenclature: Single Strand A rotating ratchet with teeth to engage locking mechanism Handcuff nomenclature: locking mechanism A spring loaded feature that locks single strand ratchet teeth into place, making it adjustable according to wrist size. Handcuff nomenclature: chain and swivel Chain attaches pair of cuffs together. Swivel allows chain to twist. Some handcuffs use a hinge instead of chain. Handcuff nomenclature: double lock Feature that locks single strand teeth in place and prevents it from moving Handcuff nomenclature: key Used for unlocking single strand from double strand. Handcuff nomenclature: key actuator Used to double lock handcuffs Reactionary distance The recommended minimum distance of 4-6 feet or beyond a persons immediate lunge or grabbing area IMPORTANT: Handcuffing Steps Immobilize, Control, Handcuff, Search, Monitor, Transport Searching (best practices) Use a systematic approach. Feel and look before reaching into clothing for objects that are unknown or can't be seen. Always maintain physical control while searching Stance or Interview Stance Feet shoulder width apart, knees slightly bent, strong leg and hip away, stand upright with back straight, hands in front of body at waist level. High Guard Stance Feet slightly wider than shoulder width, more bend in the knees stance, hands up near face with elbows in near torso, hands up to protect head/face. Contact Officer Tasks At the #1 position. Does all the talking, conducts interviews and takes notes, conducts radio transmissions, initiates all activities (frisk, arrest), gives directions to cover officer Cover Officer Tasks serves as backup and is responsible for protecting contact officer, maintains and adjusts triangulation position to prevent potential cross fire with contact officer, watches persons hand and body movements, keeps other people away, prevents escape, follows contact officer instructions Escort Position Place palm of your hand on back of the suspects hand with thumb crossed at knuckle and twist. Use opposite hand to grab suspects elbow join. Maintain firm grip with both hands to keep suspects arm straight. Strikes Used to immediately and conclusively stop violent conduct Distraction Technique Used to shift an active resistant suspects focus, or disrupt his balance to gain control. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Oleoresin is a mixture of oils and resins found in a natural state. Capsicum refers to the garden variety of pepper plants and seeds ranging from mild to hot Scoville Heat Units (SHU) The number used to measure pungency or burning sensation when pepper oils are placed on the tongue. OC spray for police are concentrated solutions ranging from 5-20% with an SHU up to 2,000,000 (jalapeño is 5,000 red chili is 500,000) Oil based OC Have a 5% higher concentration and higher SHU rating than water based, effects can last longer than water based Water based OC 10% concentration and lower SHU than oil based. Effects tend to subside faster than oil because its easier to wash off. Stream OC spray Disperses in a steady line of liquid with a range of 6-12 feet. Less cross exposure to others. Requires officer accuracy and direct exposure to suspects face Cone OC spray Uses a funnel of mist that increases in width with distance from canister. Range is 4-10 feet and requires less accuracy because more OC particles are dispersed into air. Foam OC spray Dispersed like shaving cream with general range of less than 4 ft. Effects are isolated to area where foam makes direct contact with skin. Fog OC spray Dispersed using a high pressure canister that looks like a small fire extinguisher. Effective range can exceed 20 feet. An oc fog cloud is difficult to escape and ideal for multiple suspects. More difficult to prevent accidental exposure. Physical effects of OC exposure Localized inflammation to eyes, nose, mouth, and neck. Involuntary watering of eyes and closing of eye lids. Burning sensation in eyes. Runny nose and increased saliva production in mouth. Coughing and gagging. Redness and burning sensation to exposed skin. More intense when sweating. Psychological effects of oc Inability to see clearly or not at all can cause confusion, disorientation, and loss of balance. Inability to see can cause panic attacks and exacerbate physiological effects. Misconception of not being able to breath can cause suspect to focus more on survival and distract them from resisting. May facilitate fight or flight response and increase intensity of suspects resistance. OC Holds Use stable grip to hold oc canister upright. Use strong hand to spray. Use a balanced stance and maintain a safe distance. Holds are: thumb on top, index finger on top, index finger on trigger. One handed and two handed stance. OC Use Communicate, target face with short bursts, evaluate effectiveness, move to create distance, re-spray or transition to another tactic or weapon, handcuff, provide post exposure care. When to request medical attention for OC If the suspect ask for it. If they do not recover from effects within 1 hour. If they begin experiencing any adverse effects. OC Exposure Care Best Practices Explain effects of OC to suspect and what they can do to help expedite recovery. Move suspect to a location with fresh air. Face suspects into the wind or directly in front of fan or air vent so exposed areas can dry naturally. Use potable, cool water to rinse suspects eyes and face thoroughly. Do not rub skin or eyes when rinsing, or remove contact lenses if worn by suspect, continuously monitor Using OC on domestic or wild animals Do not rely on oc alone to stop and domestic or wild animals from attacking. Spray animals from tip of nose to center of eyes. If used on domestic animal, notify or attempt to locate owner. Provide owner with instructions for post exposure care (rinse animals eyes out with water) and seek advice from vet if animal does not being recovering within 45 minutes. OC Canister Maintenance Frequently inspect canister and duty belt pouch for damage, replace expired or leaking canisters. Periodically test for functionality and ample pressure. Extreme temps can impact oc functionality and create hazards. Extreme heat - explode. Don't go above 120 degrees or below 32 degrees. Baton Nomenclature Grip end, grip portion, long portion, long end Batons Carry Types Vertical carry, two handed carry, outside arm carry Baton strike locations Fingers and knuckles, back of hand, inside of wrist, forearm, radial nerve in top of forearm near elbow, median nerve on the inside forearm 3-4 inches down from the elbow joint, tops of foot/toes, ankle, instep, shin, common perineal nerve, femoral nerve, butt, torso, and median side of body Baton blocks High block, low block, middle block, side block Baton strikes Forward strike, reverse strike, front jab, rear jab, middle strike, horizontal strike Shoot to stop When reasonable and lawful, police use firearms to shoot and STOP an imminent threat of serious injury or death. A police officer is NOT required to count the number of shots fired Four cardinal rules of firearm safety Treat every firearm as if it were loaded, keep your finger off the trigger until ready to shoot, never point a loaded or unloaded firearm at any target you don't intend to shoot, know you target and what's behind it. Handgun nomenclature Front sight, muzzle, rear sight, trigger, trigger guard, slide lock, grip, magazine, magazine release, take down lever, external hammer, de-cocking device (sig) - never holster a pistol with its hammer cocked Double action Firing is when the trigger is pressed completely through in one continuous motion to retract and release the hammer. Longer and requires more pressure than single action. Single action Firing occurs when the trigger press is used to release the hammer that was pulled back manually or by slide action. Requires less finger pressure. Main components of every semi-automatic handgun Frame, slide, barrel, recoil spring guide/rod, magazine Operation cycle Firing, unlocking, extracting, ejecting, cocking, feeding, chambering, locking 5 steps when drawing a handgun grip, draw, rotate, together, up (keep finger off trigger until ready to shoot) Trigger manipulation press, follow through, release Type 1 malfunction response Tap, rack, evaluate Type 2 Malfunction Lock slide, rip mag out, shake handgun to clear out empty casings or unspent rounds, run slide back and forth, tap new mag, rack slide, evaluate