Movement Science Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed

Movement Science Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed What are the three planes of the body and what they split? What are the axis they go around Frontal: Splits into front half and back half -Sagittal axis Sagittal: Splits into left and right halves -Frontal axis Horizontal/Transverse: Splits into upper half and lower half -Longitudinal axis What is rotation? When there is motion around an axis What is the difference between kinematics and kinetics? Kinematics is the study of motion without regard for forces on that motion; Kinetics is describing a force that causes, inhibits, or modifies motion What is osteokinematics? This is the movement of bones in relation to the 3 cardinal planes. Measure ROM for each joint What is translatory motion? This is linear displacement; the moving of a segment in a straight line What is rotatory motion? This is angular displacement; when the movement arm is around a fixed axis on a circular path. Each point will go through the same angle, at the same time What is magnitude? What is rate? Magnitude is how much, can be measured with a goniometer or a ruler; Rate is how fast., can be speed/velocity/acceleration What are degrees of freedom? This is how much motion is available at a certain joint. How many planes a joint can go through (up to 3) What are accessory movements? Movements within the joint itself which allows for some passive translation. Called "joint play" While there are only 3 degrees of freedom for joints, sometimes there are references to 6. What are they? Up/Down, Forward/Back, Left/Right, Roll (angular up from left to right), Yaw (angular forward from left to right), and Pitch (angular down from forward to back) What are the two types of kinetic chain and how they move? -Open kinetic chain is when the distal segment is not fixed and is free to move, 1 joint moving doesn't affect another -Closed kinetic chain is when the distal segment is fixed and the proximal segment is free to move, automatically creates movement in other joints of the chain What is important to know about kinetic chains when it comes to clinical application? Whenever there is a change in the function or structure of one joint, it usually will cause a further change in the joint adjacent to the affected area. For example, when there is limited ROM at the knee, the hip and ankle joints have to compensate What are the six types of joints? -Gliding -Hinge -Pivot -Condyloid (Ellipsoid) -Saddle -Ball&Socket What is arthrokinematics? The motion that occurs between articular surfaces and is required for normal osteokinematics What is the fundamental movement roll in relation to arthrokinematics? This is when multiple points of one of one rotating surface contact multiple points of another Example: tire rotating along pavement What is the fundamental movement glide in relation to arthrokinematics? This is when a single point contacts multiple points of another surface Example: non-rotating tire skidding on icy pavement What is the fundamental movement spin in relation to arthrokinematics? A single point of one surface rotates onto a single point on another surface Example: radius on capitulum during pronation/supination Why are the three fundamental movements of arthrokinematics so important? They help to increase ROM in a joint and is especially important when joint surface areas are extremely different