ATLS Prep
What are the elements of the initial assessment? - Answer-preparation, triage, primary
survey, adjuncts to the primary survey and resuscitation, consideration for transfer,
secondary survey, adjuncts to the secondary survey, continued post resuscitation
monitoring, definitive care
What's the difference between multiple and mass casualties? - Answer-does the
number and severity of patients exceed the capability of the facility and staff
What is the primary survey? - Answer-airway (with restriction of c-spine motion),
breathing and ventilation, circulation, disability, exposure
What are injuries that significantly impair ventilation in the short term? - Answer-tension
pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, tracheal and bronchial
injuries
How can a simple pneumothorax be converted to a tension pneumothorax? - Answer-
when a patient is intubated and positive pressure ventilation is provided before
decompressing the pneumothorax
What are the elements of clinical observation that yield important information about
hemodynamic status? - Answer-level of consciousness, skin perfusion, pulse
Where are the major areas of internal hemorrhage? - Answer-chest, abdomen,
retroperitoneum, pelvis, long bones
Other than CNS injury, what can alter a patient's level of consciousness? - Answer-
hypoglycemia, alcohol, narcotics, other drugs
What are adjuncts used during the primary survey? - Answer-EKG, pulse oximetry, CO2
monitoring, ABG, urinary catheter, gastric catheter, lactate, XR, FAST
If there is blood at the urethral meatus or perineal ecchymosis...think? - Answer-urethral
injury, retrograde urethrogram before inserting a catheter
What does AMPLE stand for? - Answer-allergies, medications, past
illnesses/pregnancy, last meal, events/environment related to the injury
During the secondary survey, what is the sequence of the physical exam? - Answer-
head, maxillofacial structures, cervical spine and neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis,
perineum/rectum/vagina, musculoskeletal, neurological
What is the MIST acronym for EMS handoff? - Answer-mechanism and time of injury,
injuries found and suspected, symptoms and signs, treatment initiated
, Definitive airway definition? - Answer-a tube placed in the trachea with the cuff inflated
below the vocal cords, the tube connected to a form of oxygen-enriched assisted
ventilation, and the airway secured in place with an appropriate stabilizing method
What is the triad of clinical signs of laryngeal fracture? - Answer-hoarseness,
subcutaneous emphysema, palpable fracture
Agitated suggests _______? Obtunded suggests ________? - Answer-hypoxia,
hypercarbia
injuries below ______ result in maintenance of diaphragmatic function but loss of
intercostal and abdominal muscle contribution to respiration - Answer-C3
What does LEMON stand for? - Answer-Look Externally
Evaluate 3-3-2
Mallampati
Obstruction
Neck Mobility
Mallampati class I - Answer-Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible
Mallampati class II - Answer-soft palate, uvular, fauces partially visible
Mallampati class III - Answer-soft palate, base of uvula visible
Mallampati class IV - Answer-hard palate only visible
Do not attempt nasopharyngeal airway with suspected or potential...? - Answer-
cribriform plate fracture
Criteria for establishing a definitive airway - Answer-inability to maintain patent airway,
inability to maintain adequate oxygenation, cerebral hypoperfusion, GCS<8
What's battle's sign? - Answer-postauricular ecchymosis
Drug assisted intubation doses? - Answer-etomidate 0.3 mg/kg, succinylcholine 1-
2mg/kg
Define shock. - Answer-an abnormality of the circulatory system that results in
inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation
What are the kinds of shock? - Answer-hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive,
neurogenic, septic
formula for cardiac output - Answer-HR x SV
What are the elements of the initial assessment? - Answer-preparation, triage, primary
survey, adjuncts to the primary survey and resuscitation, consideration for transfer,
secondary survey, adjuncts to the secondary survey, continued post resuscitation
monitoring, definitive care
What's the difference between multiple and mass casualties? - Answer-does the
number and severity of patients exceed the capability of the facility and staff
What is the primary survey? - Answer-airway (with restriction of c-spine motion),
breathing and ventilation, circulation, disability, exposure
What are injuries that significantly impair ventilation in the short term? - Answer-tension
pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, tracheal and bronchial
injuries
How can a simple pneumothorax be converted to a tension pneumothorax? - Answer-
when a patient is intubated and positive pressure ventilation is provided before
decompressing the pneumothorax
What are the elements of clinical observation that yield important information about
hemodynamic status? - Answer-level of consciousness, skin perfusion, pulse
Where are the major areas of internal hemorrhage? - Answer-chest, abdomen,
retroperitoneum, pelvis, long bones
Other than CNS injury, what can alter a patient's level of consciousness? - Answer-
hypoglycemia, alcohol, narcotics, other drugs
What are adjuncts used during the primary survey? - Answer-EKG, pulse oximetry, CO2
monitoring, ABG, urinary catheter, gastric catheter, lactate, XR, FAST
If there is blood at the urethral meatus or perineal ecchymosis...think? - Answer-urethral
injury, retrograde urethrogram before inserting a catheter
What does AMPLE stand for? - Answer-allergies, medications, past
illnesses/pregnancy, last meal, events/environment related to the injury
During the secondary survey, what is the sequence of the physical exam? - Answer-
head, maxillofacial structures, cervical spine and neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis,
perineum/rectum/vagina, musculoskeletal, neurological
What is the MIST acronym for EMS handoff? - Answer-mechanism and time of injury,
injuries found and suspected, symptoms and signs, treatment initiated
, Definitive airway definition? - Answer-a tube placed in the trachea with the cuff inflated
below the vocal cords, the tube connected to a form of oxygen-enriched assisted
ventilation, and the airway secured in place with an appropriate stabilizing method
What is the triad of clinical signs of laryngeal fracture? - Answer-hoarseness,
subcutaneous emphysema, palpable fracture
Agitated suggests _______? Obtunded suggests ________? - Answer-hypoxia,
hypercarbia
injuries below ______ result in maintenance of diaphragmatic function but loss of
intercostal and abdominal muscle contribution to respiration - Answer-C3
What does LEMON stand for? - Answer-Look Externally
Evaluate 3-3-2
Mallampati
Obstruction
Neck Mobility
Mallampati class I - Answer-Soft palate, uvula, fauces, pillars visible
Mallampati class II - Answer-soft palate, uvular, fauces partially visible
Mallampati class III - Answer-soft palate, base of uvula visible
Mallampati class IV - Answer-hard palate only visible
Do not attempt nasopharyngeal airway with suspected or potential...? - Answer-
cribriform plate fracture
Criteria for establishing a definitive airway - Answer-inability to maintain patent airway,
inability to maintain adequate oxygenation, cerebral hypoperfusion, GCS<8
What's battle's sign? - Answer-postauricular ecchymosis
Drug assisted intubation doses? - Answer-etomidate 0.3 mg/kg, succinylcholine 1-
2mg/kg
Define shock. - Answer-an abnormality of the circulatory system that results in
inadequate organ perfusion and tissue oxygenation
What are the kinds of shock? - Answer-hypovolemic, cardiogenic, obstructive,
neurogenic, septic
formula for cardiac output - Answer-HR x SV
