ATLS latest exam questions and
answers
in an agitated trauma patient who refuses to lay down: - Answer-assessment of airway
adequancy my include SUCTIONING
rapid sequence intubation is indicated when... - Answer-patients need airway control but
they have intact gag reflexes/ head injuries.
a surgical airway is indicated in the presence of... - Answer-edema of the glottis.
mcc of shock in trauma patient? - Answer-hemorrhage
stroke volume is determined by - Answer-preload, myocardial contractility, afterload.
myocardial contractility - Answer-volume of venous blood that returns to the heart
determines myocardial muscle fiber length after ventricular filling at the end of diastole.
afterload - Answer-resistance to the forward flow of blood
causes of obstructive shock - Answer-tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade.
what intervention contributes to coagulopathy in injured patients? - Answer-massive
crystalloid resuscitation --> dilution of platelets and clotting factors
class I hemorrhage - Answer-< 15% blood volume loss.
minimal tachy.
normal vitals otherwise.
base deficit: 0 to -2 mEq/L
Class II Hemorrhage - Answer-15-30% Blood Vol Loss.
tachycardia
tachypnea
decr pulse pressure
CNS: anxiety, fear, hostility.
UO 20-30 ml/hr
base deficit: -2 to -6 mEq/L
, TX: Crystalloid
Class III Hemorrhage - Answer-31- 40% blood vol loss.
significant AMS
decr BP
base deficit -6 to -10 meq/L
TX: crystalloid, blood components, definitive control of bleeding.
Class IV hemorrhage - Answer->40% blood vol loss.
very narrow pp or unmeasurable dbp.
min UO
depressed AMS
cold/ pale
base deficit: -10 meq
TX: rapid transfusion, definitive control of blding (surg)
Normal UO (adults, peds, infants) - Answer-0.5 mL/kg/hr for adults (30 cc/hr)
1.0 mL/kg/hr for peds.
2.0 mL/kg/hr for infants.
massive transfusion - Answer->10 u PRBC within first 24 hours.
>4u in 1 hour.
what factor can make identifying hemorrhagic shock in elderly patients difficult? -
Answer-use of meds that prevent tachycardia (like BB).
mcc of transient response to fluid therapy? - Answer-undiagnosed source of bleeding.
patient with absent breath sounds, crepitus ... place a chest tube and theres BUBBLING
in the water seal chamber - Answer-tracheobroncial tree injury
usually within 2.5cm of carina. requires second chest tube and surgery.
answers
in an agitated trauma patient who refuses to lay down: - Answer-assessment of airway
adequancy my include SUCTIONING
rapid sequence intubation is indicated when... - Answer-patients need airway control but
they have intact gag reflexes/ head injuries.
a surgical airway is indicated in the presence of... - Answer-edema of the glottis.
mcc of shock in trauma patient? - Answer-hemorrhage
stroke volume is determined by - Answer-preload, myocardial contractility, afterload.
myocardial contractility - Answer-volume of venous blood that returns to the heart
determines myocardial muscle fiber length after ventricular filling at the end of diastole.
afterload - Answer-resistance to the forward flow of blood
causes of obstructive shock - Answer-tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade.
what intervention contributes to coagulopathy in injured patients? - Answer-massive
crystalloid resuscitation --> dilution of platelets and clotting factors
class I hemorrhage - Answer-< 15% blood volume loss.
minimal tachy.
normal vitals otherwise.
base deficit: 0 to -2 mEq/L
Class II Hemorrhage - Answer-15-30% Blood Vol Loss.
tachycardia
tachypnea
decr pulse pressure
CNS: anxiety, fear, hostility.
UO 20-30 ml/hr
base deficit: -2 to -6 mEq/L
, TX: Crystalloid
Class III Hemorrhage - Answer-31- 40% blood vol loss.
significant AMS
decr BP
base deficit -6 to -10 meq/L
TX: crystalloid, blood components, definitive control of bleeding.
Class IV hemorrhage - Answer->40% blood vol loss.
very narrow pp or unmeasurable dbp.
min UO
depressed AMS
cold/ pale
base deficit: -10 meq
TX: rapid transfusion, definitive control of blding (surg)
Normal UO (adults, peds, infants) - Answer-0.5 mL/kg/hr for adults (30 cc/hr)
1.0 mL/kg/hr for peds.
2.0 mL/kg/hr for infants.
massive transfusion - Answer->10 u PRBC within first 24 hours.
>4u in 1 hour.
what factor can make identifying hemorrhagic shock in elderly patients difficult? -
Answer-use of meds that prevent tachycardia (like BB).
mcc of transient response to fluid therapy? - Answer-undiagnosed source of bleeding.
patient with absent breath sounds, crepitus ... place a chest tube and theres BUBBLING
in the water seal chamber - Answer-tracheobroncial tree injury
usually within 2.5cm of carina. requires second chest tube and surgery.
