MIP 342 Exam 1 questions well answered graded A+ 2023/2024

MIP 342 Exam 14 main tasks of the immune system - correct answer 1. immunological recognition 2. immune effector functions 3. immune regulation 4. immunological memory innate immune response - correct answer occurs rapidly (minutes to days) and is not specific to disease. present from birth. not antigen-specific. not enhanced by second exposure. has no memory. uses cellular and humoral components. is poorly effective without adaptive immunity. adaptive immune response - correct answer occurs slowly (hours to weeks) and is specific to disease. learned by experience. confers pathogen-specific immunity. enhanced by second exposure. has memory. uses cellular and humoral components. is poorly effective without innate immunity. precursors for immune system cells - correct answer originate from hematpoietic stem cells 1. common lymphoid progenitor 2. common myeloid progenitor common myeloid progenitor is the precursor for? - correct answer 1. macrophages 2. granulocytes 3. mast cells 4. dendritic cells 5. megakaryocytes and red blood cells macrophages - correct answer mature form of monocytes which circulate in the blood and continually migrate into all tissue types where they differentiate. they function by engulfing and killing invading microorganisms (innate immune response). they also function to orchestrate immune responses by inducing inflammation and secreting cytokines and chemokines that recruit and activate adaptive immune-system cells (adaptive immune response). contain many receptors (LPS, TLR, Mannose, scavenger). antigen presenting cells. phagocytes - correct answer 1. macrophages 2. granulocytes -neutrophils -eosinophils -basophils 3. dendritic cells granulocytes - correct answer have densely staining granules in their cytoplasm. Three types: 1. neutrophils 2. eosinophils 3. basophils antigens are recognized by? - correct answer antibodies and T-lymphocytes antibodies are made by? - correct answer B-lymphocytes functions of T-lymphocytes - correct answer 1. help B-cells make antibodies (T-helper cells CD4) 2. kill infected cells (T-cytotoxic cells CD8) humoral response - correct answer not a cellular response (stomach acid, antibodies, complement, defensins) what is the top clear component of a settled blood sample? - correct answer buffy coat or white blood cells eosinophil - correct answer 1-3 % of white blood cells. stains pink with many pink granules and bi-lobed nucleus. kill antibody-coated parasites. monocyte - correct answer 1-6 % of white blood cells. stains purple with a 2 purple nuclei one of which is kidney bean-shaped and lots of cytosol. neutrophil - correct answer 50 - 70 % of white blood cells. stains purple with a purple nucleus that looks like 3 connected beads on a string and has small pink or purple granules. it is a first responder that can leach peroxide when triggered. it is phagocytic. lymphocyte - correct answer 20 - 40 % of white blood cells. stains purple with a large perfectly round purple nucleus and hardly any cytoplasm when quiescent but more cytoplasm when mature. makes T-cells and B-cells. basophil - correct answer < 1 % of white blood cells. stains purple with many dark purple granules. important for the parasympathetic immune response. mast cells - correct answer release histamine-containing granules. nucleus is clear and large granules are stained dark purple. dendritic cells - correct answer mobile cells. shaped like stars or dendrites. antigen uptake in peripheral sites and antigen displaying in lymph nodes. lymphocytes - correct answer 1. B-cells -B1 - IgM, innate, macrophage-like -B2 - conventional 2. T-cells -CD4 (T-helper cells) -CD8 (cytotoxic T cells) -gamma-delta T cells (innate) -CD1 (Natural Killer T cells) -Natural Killer cells (innate)