NR 536
EXAM PREP
LATEST
Advanced
Health
Assessment,
Pathophysiolo
gy &
Pharmacology
for Advanced
Nursing
Practice
ANSWERED
2023/2024
,1. What are the four components of a comprehensive health history? Explain the
purpose and content of each component.
- The four components are: biographic data, reason for seeking care, present health or
history of present illness, and past health. Biographic data includes information such
as name, age, gender, occupation, marital status, etc. Reason for seeking care is a
brief statement of the patient's main complaint or problem. Present health or history
of present illness is a detailed description of the patient's current symptoms, onset,
duration, frequency, severity, location, quality, aggravating and relieving factors,
associated symptoms, and effect on daily activities. Past health includes information
about the patient's past medical history, family history, personal and social history ,
and review of systems.
- Answer: biographic data; reason for seeking care; present health or history of present
illness; past health / biographic data: name, age, gender, etc.; reason for seeking
care: main complaint or problem; present health or history of present illness: current
symptoms, onset, duration, etc.; past health: past medical history, family history, etc.
2. What are the three levels of prevention in health promotion? Give an example of
each level.
- The three levels of prevention are: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and
tertiary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it
occurs by eliminating or reducing risk factors. Examples include immunization,
smoking cessation, seat belt use, etc. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat
disease or injury early before it causes significant morbidity or mortality. Examples
include screening tests, pap smears, mammograms, etc. Tertiary prevention aims to
reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred by restoring function
and preventing complications. Examples include rehabilitation, medication adherence,
chronic disease management, etc.
- Answer: primary prevention; secondary prevention; tertiary prevention / primary
prevention: prevent disease or injury before it occurs; secondary prevention: detect
and treat disease or injury early; tertiary prevention: reduce the impact of disease or
injury that has already occurred
3. What are the six steps of the nursing process? Describe the main activities involved
in each step.
- The six steps of the nursing process are: assessment, diagnosis, outcome
identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the systematic
collection and analysis of data about the patient's health status. Diagnosis is the
identification of actual or potential health problems based on the assessment data.
Outcome identification is the formulation of specific and measurable goals and
expected outcomes for the patient. Planning is the development o f a plan of care that
specifies the interventions and strategies to achieve the outcomes. Implementation is
the execution of the plan of care by performing the interventions and documenting the
results. Evaluation is the measurement of the patient's progress toward the outcomes
and the effectiveness of the plan of care.
- Answer: assessment; diagnosis; outcome identification; planning; implementation;
evaluation / assessment: collect and analyze data; diagnosis: identify health problems;
outcome identification: formulate goals and outcomes; planning: develop plan of care;
, implementation: execute plan of care; evaluation: measure progress and effectiveness
4. What are some common sources of data for health assessment? What are some
advantages and disadvantages of each source?
- Some common sources of data for health assessment are: patient interview, physical
examination, medical records, laboratory tests, diagnostic tests, and consultation with
other health professionals. Patient interview is a primary source of data that allows
the nurse to obtain subjective information from the patient about their health history
and current condition. It also helps to establish rapport and trust with the patient.
However, patient interview may be affected by factors such as communication
barriers, memory lapses, lack of cooperation, etc. Physical examination is a primary
source of data that allows the nurse to obtain objective information from the patient
by using inspection,
palpation,
percussion,
and auscultation
to assess different body systems and functions. It also helps to validate and
supplement the data from the interview. However,
physical examination may be limited by factors such as time constraints,
patient discomfort,
inadequate equipment,
etc.
Medical records are a secondary source of data that provide documented information
about the patient's past and present health status,
such as medical history,
medications,
allergies,
vital signs,
laboratory results,
etc.
They also help to compare and contrast the data from other sources.
However,
medical records may be incomplete,
inaccurate,
or inaccessible at times.
Laboratory tests are a secondary source of data that provide quantitative information
about the patient's biochemical,
hematological,
immunological,
and microbiological status.
They also help to confirm or rule out diagnoses,
monitor treatment effects,
and identify risk factors.
However,
laboratory tests may be invasive,
expensive,
or subject to
EXAM PREP
LATEST
Advanced
Health
Assessment,
Pathophysiolo
gy &
Pharmacology
for Advanced
Nursing
Practice
ANSWERED
2023/2024
,1. What are the four components of a comprehensive health history? Explain the
purpose and content of each component.
- The four components are: biographic data, reason for seeking care, present health or
history of present illness, and past health. Biographic data includes information such
as name, age, gender, occupation, marital status, etc. Reason for seeking care is a
brief statement of the patient's main complaint or problem. Present health or history
of present illness is a detailed description of the patient's current symptoms, onset,
duration, frequency, severity, location, quality, aggravating and relieving factors,
associated symptoms, and effect on daily activities. Past health includes information
about the patient's past medical history, family history, personal and social history ,
and review of systems.
- Answer: biographic data; reason for seeking care; present health or history of present
illness; past health / biographic data: name, age, gender, etc.; reason for seeking
care: main complaint or problem; present health or history of present illness: current
symptoms, onset, duration, etc.; past health: past medical history, family history, etc.
2. What are the three levels of prevention in health promotion? Give an example of
each level.
- The three levels of prevention are: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and
tertiary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it
occurs by eliminating or reducing risk factors. Examples include immunization,
smoking cessation, seat belt use, etc. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat
disease or injury early before it causes significant morbidity or mortality. Examples
include screening tests, pap smears, mammograms, etc. Tertiary prevention aims to
reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred by restoring function
and preventing complications. Examples include rehabilitation, medication adherence,
chronic disease management, etc.
- Answer: primary prevention; secondary prevention; tertiary prevention / primary
prevention: prevent disease or injury before it occurs; secondary prevention: detect
and treat disease or injury early; tertiary prevention: reduce the impact of disease or
injury that has already occurred
3. What are the six steps of the nursing process? Describe the main activities involved
in each step.
- The six steps of the nursing process are: assessment, diagnosis, outcome
identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the systematic
collection and analysis of data about the patient's health status. Diagnosis is the
identification of actual or potential health problems based on the assessment data.
Outcome identification is the formulation of specific and measurable goals and
expected outcomes for the patient. Planning is the development o f a plan of care that
specifies the interventions and strategies to achieve the outcomes. Implementation is
the execution of the plan of care by performing the interventions and documenting the
results. Evaluation is the measurement of the patient's progress toward the outcomes
and the effectiveness of the plan of care.
- Answer: assessment; diagnosis; outcome identification; planning; implementation;
evaluation / assessment: collect and analyze data; diagnosis: identify health problems;
outcome identification: formulate goals and outcomes; planning: develop plan of care;
, implementation: execute plan of care; evaluation: measure progress and effectiveness
4. What are some common sources of data for health assessment? What are some
advantages and disadvantages of each source?
- Some common sources of data for health assessment are: patient interview, physical
examination, medical records, laboratory tests, diagnostic tests, and consultation with
other health professionals. Patient interview is a primary source of data that allows
the nurse to obtain subjective information from the patient about their health history
and current condition. It also helps to establish rapport and trust with the patient.
However, patient interview may be affected by factors such as communication
barriers, memory lapses, lack of cooperation, etc. Physical examination is a primary
source of data that allows the nurse to obtain objective information from the patient
by using inspection,
palpation,
percussion,
and auscultation
to assess different body systems and functions. It also helps to validate and
supplement the data from the interview. However,
physical examination may be limited by factors such as time constraints,
patient discomfort,
inadequate equipment,
etc.
Medical records are a secondary source of data that provide documented information
about the patient's past and present health status,
such as medical history,
medications,
allergies,
vital signs,
laboratory results,
etc.
They also help to compare and contrast the data from other sources.
However,
medical records may be incomplete,
inaccurate,
or inaccessible at times.
Laboratory tests are a secondary source of data that provide quantitative information
about the patient's biochemical,
hematological,
immunological,
and microbiological status.
They also help to confirm or rule out diagnoses,
monitor treatment effects,
and identify risk factors.
However,
laboratory tests may be invasive,
expensive,
or subject to
