Study Guide MIC 102 questions with correct answers

SG Q1: What features would LUCA be likely to have? Why? CORRECT ANSWER LUCA will have features common to both bacteria and archaea -Genetic code -ATP utilization -Ribosome mediated protein synthesis -Cell membrane How did eukaryotes emerge? CORRECT ANSWER It is proposed that eukaryotes emerged from the engulfment of a bacterium by an archaean (this lead to the creation of the mitochondria and chloroplast - the chloroplast from swallowing a photosynthetic bacterium). It is thought that the mitochondria emerged first as all eukaryotes have mitochondria but only a specific group has chloroplasts. The emergence of mitochondria and chloroplasts also provided an opportunity for a spike in evolution because of their energy production What are the trends of evolution? CORRECT ANSWER There are periods of rapid evolutionary expansion in which there is a large amount of species emerging and dying and thus a massive amount of diversity created. These spikes in evolution can be caused by the emergence of certain organisms for example cyanobacteria which oxygenated the earth's atmosphere. In this case the availability of energy spiked (aerobic respiration) providing the opportunity for larger and larger genomes. It also lead to new environments becoming available to be occupied by prokaryotes SG Q2: How does the fluctuation test demonstrate the difference between mutations being induced or random? CORRECT ANSWER HOPE THIS MAKES ANY SENSE LOL The fluctuation test proves that mutations occur randomly and are then "selected" for. They did this by introducing two groups - a ba