ABA FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS.

In explaining behavior, a useful theory must be: a. inclusive and justifiable b. inclusive, verifiable, and justifiable c. verifiable, exclusive, and predictable d. inclusive, verifiable, have predictive validity, and be parsimonious d. inclusive, verifiable, have predictive validity, and be parsimonious Information concerning a child's brain damage: a. can be useful in the teacher's selection of behavior management techniques b. helps teachers determine who should be in school and who should not c. can cause teachers to have low expectations of students and give them excuses not to teach d. none of the above ... A genuine scientific explanation must: a. be inclusive of all behaviors b. predict one behavior to the exclusion of all other behaviors c. a and b d. none of the above ... A relationship among events in which the rate of a behavior's occurrence increases when some environmental condition is removed is: a. differential reinforcement b. reinforcement c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement d. negative reinforcement To the behaviorist, punishment occurs only when: a. the preceding behavior decreases b. the preceding behavior increases c. both a and b d. neither a or b a. the preceding behavior decreases The focus of the behavioral approach is: a. observing and predicting b. facilitating behavior change c. recording and verifying aberrant behaviors d. all of the above d. all of the above Which is NOT a contributor to the behavioral viewpoint? a. functionalism b. naturalism c. animal psychology d. positivism ... Pairing stimuli so that an unconditioned stimulus elicits a response is known as all of the following EXCEPT: a. Pavlovian b. classical c. respondent conditioning d. shaping ... "Jack can't learn because he has Down syndrome" is an example of what explanation of behavior? a. biophysical explanation b. developmental explanation c. cognitive explanation d. behavioral explanation ... An antecedent stimulus is: a. an event occurring before the behavior is performed b. an event occurring after the behavior is performed c. a and b d. none of the above a. an event occurring before the behavior is performed To qualify as a behavior, something must be: a. observable b. quantifiable c. a and b d. none of the above c. a and b Behaviorists are LEAST concerned with the following: a. functional relation b. observable behaviors c. present events d. past events d. past events For an explanation of behavior to be "verifiable" it must a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior b. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances c. provide the simplest explanation d. be testable ... For an explanation of behavior to be "verifiable" it must a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior b. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances c. provide the simplest explanation d. be testable d. be testable Operant conditioning deals with __________ behaviors. a. emotional b. trained c. reflexive d. voluntary d. voluntary` When a previously reinforced behavior is no longer reinforced and its rate of occurrence decreases, what behavioral principle is being used? a. Punishment b. Positive Reinforcement c. Positive Punishment d. Extinction ... When a pleasant consequence to a behavior results in an increase in the behavior's rate of occurrence, what behavioral principle is being used? a. Negative Reinforcement b. Positive Reinforcement c. Punishment d. Stimulus control b. Positive Reinforcement An event is described as ________ if the rate of occurrence of a preceding behavior decreases. a. Negative Reinforcement b. Positive Reinforcement c. Shaping d. Punishment ... What is known as a "demonstration of behavior"? a. Modeling b. Shaping c. Positive Reinforcement d. Operant Conditioning a. Modeling The behavior principle that describes a relationship between behavior and an antecedent stimulus rather than behavior and its consequences are known as: a. Stimulus control b. Respondent conditioning c. The Law of Effect d. Principle of Parsimony ... For an explanation of behavior to have predictive utility it must a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior b. be testable c. provide the simplest explanation d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances The Law of Effect is associated with what behavioral principle? a. Negative reinforcement b. Positive reinforcement c. Punishment d. Antecedent prompting ... For an explanation of behavior to be parsimonious, it must a. account for a substantial quantity of behavior b. be testable c. provide the simplest explanation d. provide reliable answers about what people are likely to do under certain circumstances c. provide the simplest explanation Who is associated or responsible for the use of the term "behaviorism?" a. Skinner b. Watson c. Darwin d. Pavlov ... _________ conditioning deals with behaviors that are voluntary rather than reflexive. a. Operant b. Respondent c. Reflexive d. Overactive a. Operant What is the major purpose of applied behavior analysis? a. to provide a process of systematically applying specific principles to facilitate behavior change b. to provide a systematic means of determining whether changes in behavior may be attributed to the application of behavioral principles. c. none of the above d. A and B a. to provide a process of systematically applying specific principles to facilitate behavior change Which of the following is NOT one of the criteria set forth by Baer, Wolf, and Risley (1968) as the qualifications for research to be considered applied behavior analysis: a. the behavior must be socially important b. the behavior must be objectively defined c. a functional relation must be demonstrated d. must be an aberrant behavior ... Which of the following influenced the behaviorist movement? a. cognitivism b. functionalism c. constructivism d. none of the above ... 1-43. John was scheduled to take a spelling test each Friday. His mother told him if he received 90% correct or better for three out of four spelling test he would get to buy a new video game. His mother was employing which of the following behavioral techniques? a. punishment b. negative reinforcement c. shaping d. positive reinforcement d. positive reinforcement 1-44. Which of the following is attributed with the Stage Theory of Development? a. Jean Piaget b. Sigman Freud c. Ivan Pavlov d. B. F. Skinner ... 1-45. Ms. Sims was having difficulty getting Tia to sit during morning circle. She decided that she would reinforce Tia's attempts to sit during circle time. She began by reinforcing Tia when she was standing next to her chair, then when she had one knee on her chair. She continued this process until Tia remained seated during morning circle time. Ms. Sims employed which the following behavioral techniques? a. modeling b. shaping c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement ... 1-46. Operant behaviors are ______ voluntarily, whereas respondent behaviors are ________ by stimuli. a. elicited, occasioned b. emitted, elicited c. occasioned, emitted d. none of the above ... 1-47. Circumstances which temporarily alter the power of a reinforcer are known as _________. a. models b. negative reinforcers c. setting events d. positive reinforcers c. setting events 1-48. Theorists who explain human behavior based on physical influences employ which of the following explanations? a. cognitive b. biophysical c. cognitive d. behavioral b. biophysical 1-49. Which of the following theorists is credited with classical conditioning? a. B.F. Skinner b. Jean Piaget c. Ivan Pavlov d. none of the above ... 1-50. ____________ is the process of using successive approximations to teach a new behavior or skill. a. stimulus control b. shaping c. modeling d. generalization b. shaping 2-16. The process of pinpointing behavior refines a broad generalization into: a. generic, observable and measurable behavior b. specific, observable and measurable behavior c. schedule, specific and observable behavior d. natural, measurable and specific behavior b. specific, observable and measurable behavior 2-17. Directly observable behaviors include: a. to know, to walk, to identify in writing b. to underline, to draw, to discriminate c. to see, to put on, to connect d. to remove, to count orally, to circle d. to remove, to count orally, to circle 2-18. Target behavior must be included in behavioral objectives because: a. the precise definition of the behavior facilitates continuity of instruction b. the statement allows our confirmation that a change has actually occurred c. a and b d. none of the above c. a and b 2-19. A behavioral objective should be written such that its contents are: a. observable b. measurable c. repeatable d. all of the above d. all of the above 2-20. Antecedent stimuli or conditions may be defined by the teacher to set up the appropriate response. They may include: a. environmental setting, written instructions or verbal responses b. demonstration, materials to be used and number of responses c. identifiable behavior, amount of assistance and demonstration d. demonstration, verbal instructions and manner of assistance a. environmental setting, written instructions or verbal responses 2-21. Criteria for acceptable performance include statements addressing duration. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable duration statement? a. will complete within one hour b. for no more than 2 weeks c. begin within five minutes d. will return within 15 minutes ...