APES Unit 9 Review 2023/2024 updated to pass

APES Unit 9 Reviewstratospheric ozone layer - correct answer is important to the evolution of life on Earth and the continued health and survival of life on Earth Stratospheric ozone depletion - correct answer is caused by anthropogenic factors, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and natural factors, such as the melting of ice crystals in the atmosphere at the beginning of the Antarctic spring how does a decrease in stratospheric ozone affect UV radiation on Earth? - correct answer it increases the UV rays that reach the Earth's surface health impacts of UV radiation - correct answer can lead to skin cancer and cataracts (eye damage) in humans Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - correct answer A family of organic compounds whose properties make them ideal for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning, and aerosols; cause ozone depletion How do CFCs and HCFCs destroy ozone? - correct answer chlorine atoms contained in the compounds are highly reactive; they interact with Ozone (O3) by stripping off one Oxygen molecule, leaving behind O2. How can ozone depletion be mitigated (reduced)? - correct answer by replacing ozone-depleting chemicals with substitutes that do not deplete the ozone layer such as Hydrofluorocarbons (HCFs) Even though HCFs do not deplete the ozone-layer, they are still an environmental concern because they - correct answer have a high Global Warming Potential and are thousands of times more powerful as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide the principal greenhouse gases - correct answer carbon dioxide methane water vapor nitrous oxide chlorofluorocarbons water vapor as a greenhouse gas - correct answer it doesn't contribute significantly to global climate change because it has a short residence time in the atmosphere (weighs more than gas) global warming potential of carbon dioxide - correct answer GWP of 1; is used as a reference point for the comparison of different greenhouse gases and their impacts on global climate change which greenhouse gas has the highest GWP (global warming potential)? - correct answer chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are over 10,000x as strong as CO2 how does the greenhouse effect contribute to life on Earth? - correct answer the greenhouse effect results in the surface temperature necessary for life on Earth to exist but trapping in heat which would otherwise escape in the absence of the sun global warming potential of Methane - correct answer 25 times that of Carbon Dioxide Impacts of global climate change - correct answer rising sea levels, melting ice sheets, increased ocean temperatures and acidity, spreading of disease from the tropics toward the poles, melting permafrost, increased atmospheric temperatures ice cores - correct answer Carbon Dioxide data and ice cores positive impacts of changing sea levels on marine ecosystems - correct answer newly created habitats on now-flooded continental shelves negative impacts of changing sea levels on marine ecosystems - correct answer deeper communities that may no longer be in the photic zone of seawater