APES Unit 4 question n answers graded A+ 2023/2024

APES Unit 4Where is most of Earth's freshwater found? - correct answer glaciers and icecaps Define aquifers - correct answer permeable layers of rock and sediment What is the difference between confined and unconfined aquifer? - correct answer A confined aquifer is an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water. Layers of impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer, causing it to be under pressure so that when the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer. A water-table, or unconfined, aquifer is an aquifer whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. Water-table aquifers are usually closer to the Earth's surface than confined aquifers are, and as such are impacted by drought conditions sooner than confined aquifers. What is a water table? - correct answer uppermost level where water still saturates rock ad soil "surface of the groundwater" What is groundwater recharge? How do confined and unconfined aquifers affect the rate of groundwater recharge? - correct answer is an important part of the hydrologic cycle, in which water from the surface works its way into the subsurface, replenishing groundwater supplies. Unconfined aquifers recharge rapidly whereas confined aquifers recharge slowly unconfined aquifers contaminate groundwater with chemicals Define springs and give some uses of springs - correct answer water naturally rises to the ground surface source of freshwater sotre energy , more comfortqbe ride and a part of the supension of the car Define Artisan wells - correct answer drilling in confined aquifer releases pressure on the water Explain the cone of deprssion - correct answer an area where there is no longer any groundwater water table drops too low comprises water quality Explain saltwater intrusion - correct answer drilling wells along coastline rapid pumping lowering water table adjacent saltwater infiltrates in What are floodplains? What are some benefits of floodplains? How do they get nutrient-rich soil? - correct answer an area of low-lying ground adjacent to a river, formed mainly of river sediments and subject to flooding land surrounding rivers is typically fertile floodwaters deposit nutrient rich sediment onto the floowplain what classifies a lake? What is the difference between oligotrophic and eutrophic? - correct answer level of primary productivity eutrophic has more nutrients and organisms than ologotrophic What are some effects of a drought on soil? - correct answer dries up the land so that it becomes impermeable and so that creates flooding when there is heavy rain Define levee. Give some benefits and drawbacks - correct answer levee- enlarged bank built up on each side of the river Benefits- controls flooding Drawbacks- Floodwater no longer add fertility to floodplain sediments will deposit further down where river meets ocean cause even worse flooding downstream can collapse What is flooding? - correct answer water input exceeds the ability of an area to absorb the water