Pediatrics 03 Aquifer fully solved graded A+ 2023/2024

Pediatrics 03 AquiferWhen do you evaluate for hearing and vision screening? - correct answer - Hearing is initially evaluated in the newborn period. - Between birth and age 3, children are evaluated by asking the parent if they have concerns about vision or hearing. - Vision screening using a chart begins at age 3 years. - Hearing evaluation through audiometry begins at age 4 years. - Children who cannot cooperate with testing by age 4 are more likely to have developmental delays. What are important topics to review with a 3 yr old visit? - correct answer - Social - Family stressors - Nutrition - Fruit, vegetable, iron, calcium, vit D. - Exercise - Prevention of Childhood Obesity through Increased Physical Activity": "Toddlers should be allowed to develop enjoyment of outdoor physical activity - Toilet training - Not achieved by age 3 - Dental - all children should be seen within six months of the first tooth eruption or by 1 year of age. All children should be screened by 6 months old to see if they are at a higher risk of developing caries. - Safety - children remain in a rear-facing car safety seat as long as possible, until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by their seat Developmental milestones - correct answer Describe eczema - correct answer Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Pruritic eruption, commonly on skin flexures. Associated with other atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies);serum IgE. Mutations in filaggrin gene predispose (via skin barrier dysfunction). Often appears on face in infancy and then in antecubital fossa in children and adults. How do you treat eczema? - correct answer - Lubricate skin - Anti - inflammatories - Steroids - Antihistamines - Calcineurin inhibitors Describe inadequate nutrition in children - correct answer - One study of preschool-aged children 2 to 3 years old found that these children consumed, on average, about 80% of the recommended fruit servings/day, but only 30% of the recommended vegetable servings/day. - Iron is of crucial importance to normal development in this age group due to its role as a CNS co-catalyst. Iron intake in toddlers occurs predominantly from meat, legumes, and iron-fortified cereals. Milk and juice intake in children - correct answer - 100% fruit juice intake and milk may be deficient in many preschoolers diets, with substitution of fruit drinks or other high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverages. - Juice drinks with sweetened high-fructose corn syrup can especially add substantial calories to a child's diet and contribute to the development of early obesity. - No more than 4-6 ounces of juice per day. Early childhood caries - correct answer - Bathing teeth throughout the day with milk or juice from a bottle can result in early dental caries. - Early childhood caries typically have a lag time before visible decay. Thus the patterns established when a child is 1 to 3 years old may result in caries when the child is 3 to 5 years old. - Although constant use is most damaging, even routine bedtime use of the bottle can lead to cavities. It is recommended that parents discontinue the bottle by the time the child is 12 to 15 months old. What are important causes of injuries in toddlers? - correct answer - Car accidents - Swimming pools - Falls - Firearms - Poisonings - Fires Describe children and gun safety - correct answer - When given the opportunity, boys ages 8 to 12 would handle a gun (76%) and pull the trigger (48%).