Topic 11 Module question with complete solutions 2023/2024

Topic 11 ModuleDams built across rivers have significant impacts. Which of the following is not an impact from dams? A) Soil is prevented from going downstream, so sediments lost to erosion are not replenished. B) Downstream flooding, while rare, is more dangerous after a dam is built. C) Dams block migrating fish from swimming upriver to spawn, even if fish ladders are installed. D) Sediment settles in the reservoirs, filling in the lakes and shortening their life spans. E) Valuable freshwater habitats, such as waterfalls, are lost. - correct answer B) Downstream flooding, while rare, is more dangerous after a dam is built. Which statement is true regarding the world's ocean fisheries? A) Most of the world's fisheries are being fully exploited. B) Most of the world's fisheries are currently underexploited. C) Most of the world's fisheries can be more fully developed. D) Most of the world's fisheries are being sustainably harvested.* - correct answer A) Most of the world's fisheries are being fully exploited. Why is the water in a "young" (oligotrophic) lake usually clear? A) These lakes have low levels of nutrients, which keep phytoplankton populations low, so the water is clear. B) Erosion is much lower in these areas, so less sediment washes into the lake. C) These lakes tend to be shallower, so photosynthesis is more rapid. D) This is not correct—young lakes tend to be muddier than older, more established lakes. E) Water flows into these lakes much more slowly than usual, so sediment is not stirred up. - correct answer A) These lakes have low levels of nutrients, which keep phytoplankton populations low, so the water is clear. In developed countries like the United States, most water is used for ______, while most developing countries use most of their water for _______. A) agriculture; industry B) industry; agriculture C) industry; households D) households; industry - correct answer B) industry; agriculture Where is desalination of seawater a viable source of water? A) Along coastlines B) In the tropics C) In very wet areas D) In developing countries E) In arid areas - correct answer E) In arid areas Scientists have determined that _______ is/are the major causes of "dead zones" in the Gulf of Mexico and other water bodies. A) overfishing B) nutrients, such as nitrogen, from fertilizers and other sources C) factories and oil refineries D) recreationists E) erosion of beaches - correct answer B) nutrients, such as nitrogen, from fertilizers and other sources What is special about the Ogallala Aquifer? A) It supports most industrial activity along the East Coast of the United States. B) It is the world's smallest but most vital aquifer. C) Located in the Midwestern United States, it is the world's largest aquifer and supports millions of acres of agriculture. D) The Ogallala Aquifer has recently run dry and serves as a warning about aquifer overuse. E) Located in China, it now is used to produce enough grain for all of China's population. - correct answer C) Located in the Midwestern United States, it is the world's largest aquifer and supports millions of acres of agriculture What do most predictions about future water supplies state? A) Water will become cheaper as efficient means of producing water are found. B) Within a couple of decades, water use will decrease. C) Within a couple of decades, half of the world's people will face severe water shortages. D) Agriculture will become the major user of water. - correct answer C) Within a couple of decades, half of the world's people will face severe water shortages. What effect could climate change and melting glaciers have on the ocean's thermohaline circulation? A) Nothing; climate change and thermohaline circulation are not related. B) Thermohaline circulation could deposit more cold water in the Gulf of Mexico. C) Thermohaline circulation could be reversed. D) Thermohaline circulation could be interrupted, triggering rapid climate change. E) Globally, more ice could be formed. - correct answer D) Thermohaline circulation could be interrupted, triggering rapid climate change. If a water body has an excess amount of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, ________ will grow and cause eutrophication. A) zooplankton B) corals C) fish