histotechnology questions with correct answers 2023/2024 latest update

Absorption - correct answers When tissue is penetrated by, or absorbs, a dye solution and becomes colored without any other change or chemical reaction occurring. An example is the absorption of oil red O or Sudan black B by fat Achromatic - correct answers Without color, or not easily stained. In microscopy, achromatic lenses are corrected for two colors, red and blue. This helps produce images free of chromatic aberrations Acid mucosubstances - correct answers a term used to include both the acid mucopolysaccharides (connective tissue mucins) and the acidic glycoproteins (epithelial mucins). Most acid mucopolysaccharides contain hyaluronic or hexuronic acid, and the glycoprotein contains sialic acid. Acid mucopolysaccharides and acidic glycoproteins do not stain the same with all mucin techniques acidophilic - correct answers a basic (cationic, positively charged) substance that is easily stainable with acid dyes. An example is cell cytoplasm, which is readily stainable with acid (anionic, negatively charged) dye eosin. Additive - correct answers a chemical or substance that adds on to, or combines with, another substance, usually improving, strengthening, or altering it. Many fixative molecules add on to tissue proteins, altering and stabilizing them in the process. Adsorption - correct answers The accumulation of stain by the surface of a tissue component. This phenomenon is influenced by the affinity of oppositely charged ions for each other (electrostatic attraction or bonding). Aldehyde - correct answers An organic compound containing carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen arranged as in the following group Alliphatic hydrocarbon - correct answers Organic chemical compound composed of carbon and hydrogen in which the carbon atoms are linked in an open chain, rather than in a ring arrangement. Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be used as clearing agents. Amphoteric - correct answers Describes a substance that is capable of acting as either a base or an acid, depending on the pH of the solution Anaplasion (of neoplasms) - correct answers Lack of differentiation. Some features include variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei, dark nuclei, giant cells and disturbed orientation Angstrom - correct answers A unit of length equal to 100 millionths of a centimeter. this unit has been replaced by nanometer as the official unit of measurement. One nanometer is equal to 10 angstrom Anion - correct answers A negatively charged dye or tissue component,. Anionic substances are also referred to as acidic, although it has nothing to do with pH Antibody - correct answers commonly known as immunoglobulins, antibodies are proteins that are produced by B lymphocytes in response to antigenic stimulation antigen - correct answers any substance that can induce a detectable immune response Antigen enhancement - correct answers epitopes can be exposed or "unmasked" by either heat or enzymes, thus enhancing the antigen-antibody reactivity. Antigenic determinant - correct answers the area of an antigen that determines the specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction. apochromatic - correct answers Corrected for both spherical and chromatic aberration. Special microscope objectives have been corrected for three colors and other lens aberrations. Aqueous - correct answers A solution prepared in water Argentaffin - correct answers A reaction in which certain tissue components have the ability to bind or be impregnated with silver ions and then reduce the silver to its visible metallic form Argyrophilic - correct answers the ability to bind or be impregnated with silver ions: however, a, a reducing agent is required to reduce the silver to its visible metallic form Aromatic hydrocarbon - correct answers Organic chemical compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, in which the carbons are linked in a ring arrangement. Aromatic hydrocarbons are used as clearing agents. Artifact - correct answers A structure or substance not normally present but produced by some external force or action. Examples are mercury pigment, tissue floaters, knife lines, and air bubbles. autolysis - correct answers destruction or digestion of tissues and cells by the enzymes normally present in the cells auxochrome - correct answers the chemical group present in a dye that causes it to bind to certain tissue elements. This group can develop a charge (+ or -) and thus bind to oppositely-charged groups present in the tissue. The amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups are frequently occurring auxochromes axon - correct answers the nerve process that conducts impulses away from the cell body of the neuron. Neurons have a single axon. Axons are included along with dendrites in the term "nerve fibers"; axons have also been referred to as the axis cylinder bacilli ((singular, bacillus) - correct answers rod-shaped bacteria bacteria (singluar, bacterium) - correct answers single-celled microorganisms basophilic - correct answers An acidic (anionic, negatively charged) substance that is easily stainable with basic (cationic, positively charged) dyes Bevel angle - correct answers The angle made when the two cutting facets of a microtome knife intersect. On most American-made knives, the this angle is 28 to 32 Binocular - correct answers Having two oculars. A binocular microscope has two eyepieces, or oculars.