M2 Kojar Ahmed
Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments:
The original purpose of the experiments was to study the effects of physical conditions on
productivity. Two groups of workers in the Hawthorne factory were used as guinea pigs. One day the
lighting in the work area for one group was improved dramatically while the other group's lighting
remained unchanged. The researchers were surprised to find that the productivity of the more highly
illuminated workers increased much more than that of the control group.
The employees' working conditions were changed in other ways too (their working hours, rest breaks
and so on), and in all cases their productivity improved when a change was made. Indeed, their
productivity even improved when the lights were dimmed again. By the time everything had been
returned to the way it was before the changes had begun, productivity at the factory was at its
highest level.
The experimenters concluded that it was not the changes in physical conditions that were affecting
the workers' productivity. Rather, it was the fact that someone was actually concerned about their
workplace, and the opportunities this gave them to discuss changes before they took place.
Source: http://www.economist.com/node/12510632
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take
precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing
that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and
so on.
Maslow initially stated that individuals must
satisfy lower level deficit needs before
progressing on to meet higher level growth needs.
However, he later clarified that satisfaction of a
needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon,
admitting that his earlier statements may have
given “the false impression that a need must be
satisfied 100 percent before the next need
emerges.”
Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.
Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level
called self-actualization.
Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Experiments:
The original purpose of the experiments was to study the effects of physical conditions on
productivity. Two groups of workers in the Hawthorne factory were used as guinea pigs. One day the
lighting in the work area for one group was improved dramatically while the other group's lighting
remained unchanged. The researchers were surprised to find that the productivity of the more highly
illuminated workers increased much more than that of the control group.
The employees' working conditions were changed in other ways too (their working hours, rest breaks
and so on), and in all cases their productivity improved when a change was made. Indeed, their
productivity even improved when the lights were dimmed again. By the time everything had been
returned to the way it was before the changes had begun, productivity at the factory was at its
highest level.
The experimenters concluded that it was not the changes in physical conditions that were affecting
the workers' productivity. Rather, it was the fact that someone was actually concerned about their
workplace, and the opportunities this gave them to discuss changes before they took place.
Source: http://www.economist.com/node/12510632
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs:
Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some needs take
precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be the first thing
that motivates our behaviour. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what motivates us, and
so on.
Maslow initially stated that individuals must
satisfy lower level deficit needs before
progressing on to meet higher level growth needs.
However, he later clarified that satisfaction of a
needs is not an “all-or-none” phenomenon,
admitting that his earlier statements may have
given “the false impression that a need must be
satisfied 100 percent before the next need
emerges.”
Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.
Once these growth needs have been reasonably satisfied, one may be able to reach the highest level
called self-actualization.
Source: https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
