Nursing Fundamentals Exam 4: keiser university Questions & Answers Solved 100% Correct!!

Electrolytes - ▪ Capable of conducting electricity ▪ Measured in meq/liter or mg/100ml ▪ *Cations* = Positive ions (NA, K, Ca, Mg) ▪ *Anions* = Negative ions (Cl, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate Po4) ↓ - Physiology of Body Fluids & Electrolytes - - Water (H2O)- approx. 60% of body weight Function of H2O in body: ▪ A medium for metabolic reaction within cells ▪ A transporter for nutrients, waste product & other substances ▪ A lubricant ▪ An insulator & shock absorber ▪ Maintaining of body temperature Factors affect body H2O: ▪ Age ▪ Sex ▪ Body fat↓ - - H2o remain contstant = weight varies by less than 0.2 kg (0.5 lb in 24 hours, regardless of amount of fluid intake. ▪ Infants has 70% - 80, ▪ Older than 60 yrs 50% ▪ Women have less than men = reason less muscles than men ↓ - Distribution of body Fluid - - Fluid Compartments: *ICF & ECF* *Intracellular Fluid (ICF):* ▪ Within the cells of the body ▪ In adults constitutes 2/3 of total body fluid ▪ Fluid inside the cell = O2, nutrients, electrolytes, glucose ▪ Body fluid constantly change the compartment ▪ *Major electrolyte is Potassium & Mg* ↓ - - *ICF* is vital for normal cell functioning. It contains solute like *O2, electrolytes, glucose,* & provides medium for metabolic process of cell. Although *ECF* is the smaller amount, it is the transport system that *carries O2 & nutrients to & waste from the body cells. *↓ - - *Extracellular Fluid (ECF)* = outside the cells ▪ 1/3 of total body fluid ▪ Major electrolyte is Sodium, Cl, Hco3 Subdivide into 2 compartments: ▪ *Intravascular/Plasma* = (20% of ECF- 3 liters) Within the vascular system ▪ *Interstitial Fluid* = (75% of ECF - 12 liters) Fluid surrounds the cells ▪ *Transcellular Fluid* = CSF, pericardial fluid, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, synovial fluids ↓ - Movement of Body Fluids and Electrolytes - - *Solvent* = a liquid (fluid in the body) that dissolves the solute ↓ - - *Solute* = a substance that dissolves in a solution ▪ Crystalloids - dissolve readily in solution eg sugar▪ Colloids - large protein molecule that don't dissolve easily ↓ - - *Permeability* = Capability of a substance, molecule, or ions to diffuse through a membrane ↓ - - *Osmolality* = Concentration of a solute in body fluid