NFPT EXAM CHAPTER 6 THE PHYSIOLOGY OF NUTRIENT METABOLISM-48 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

List the 4 stages of digestion and where each primarily occurs: 1) Ingestion: the mouth 2) Digestion: the stomach 3) Absorption: the small intestine 4) Utilization: throughout the body The Liver produces substances that break down _____ (lipases) Fats Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen The Liver converts _________ to glycogen via __________________, and maintains a proper level of _________ in the blood Glucose; Glycogenesis; glucose The Liver produces _______ (chemical component in urine) via transamination (amino-transfer) of _________ _________ into keto acids Urea; amino acids The Liver filters harmful substances from the _____________(such as alcohol) via alcohol dehydrogenase or other enzymes (detoxification function) Blood The Liver stores vitamins ____, ____, ____ and ______ and some minerals A, D, K, B12 The Liver produces about ____% of the __________________in the body 80% of the Cholesterol All physical and chemical reactions in the body that use or convert energy is called: a. digestion b. metabolism c. nutrition d. anabolism B Absorption is the final stage in the digestive process where the nutrient molecules are transported to the appropriate locations to be used or stored. a. True b. False B Utilization is the final stage in the digestive process where the nutrient molecules are transported to the appropriate locations to be used or stored. What does the liver change all simple sugars into? a. insulin b. leptin c. glucose d. glucagon C Among its many functions, the liver produces about 80% of the cholesterol in the body. a. True b. False A These sensors detect blood pressure. a. Chemoreceptors b. Baroreceptors c. Islets of Langerhans d. Cortico-releasing hormone (CRH) B To restore homeostasis, signals will be sent to the ______________ if/when imbalances in blood chemicals or blood pressure are detected. a. hypothalamus b. pancreas c. heart d. cerebellum A One of the main functions of the pancreas is to regulate blood sugar levels. It does this by secreting the hormones: a. insulin and leptin b. glucagon and insulin c. leptin and glucagon d. growth hormone (GH) and glucagon B Which hormone is responsible for removing glucose from the blood stream? a. Growth hormone (GH) b. Glucagon c. Insulin d. Leptin C Basically, nutrient metabolism can be broken up into two (2) distinct parts: a. Anabolism (the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cell) & Catabolism (the breakdown of molecules for energy) b. Anabolism (the breakdown of molecules for energy) & Catabolism (the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cell) c. Cannabolism (the breakdown of fatty acids for energy) & Glucogenolysis (the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cell) d. Cannabolism (the synthesis of all compounds needed by the cell) & Glucogenolysis (the breakdown of fatty acids for energy) A As a personal trainer, you should give specific advice to your clients regarding portion sizes and individualized meal plans. a. True b. False B As a personal trainer, you should NOT give specific advice to your clients regarding portion sizes and individualized meal plans; this should be handled by a Registered Dietitian (RD). Nutrients are required for all types of bodily functions, like growth and metabolism. The body requires three (3) macro-nutrients, they are: 1. _____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. _____________________ 1. Carbohydrate 2. Protein 3. Fat this is the product of conversion from unused glucose that is stored for energy Glycogen this regulatory hormone is secreted to raise the concentration of glucose in the blood stream Glucagon this is the only usable form of simple sugar in the body; and the brain's only source of energy Glucose this is the process by which the liver converts proteins and body tissue into glucose for energy Gluconeogenesis this is the process by which stored glycogen is released from the liver to maintain blood sugar Glycogenolysis Over-exertive ______________ exercise triggers cannibalism of the intracellular proteins of the working muscles ONLY; whereas over-exertive _____________ exercise triggers cannibalism of amino acids, blood proteins, organ tissue, and muscle tissue. Resistance; Aerobic Simple sugars are taken up in the blood rapidly, but the muscles and liver can only take up the product, glucose, very slowly; therefore, if there is an over-abundance of glucose to be stored as the result of ingesting too many simple sugars - where is it stored? a. Muscle cells b. Fat cells c. Skin cells d. Organ cells B Which of the following would be a reason that the liver would not be able to provide glucose for the blood? a. Over-exertive exercise b. Extreme dieting or fasting c. Liver disease or failure d. All of the above D If glucagon reaches the liver and for some reason the liver cannot provide glucose for the blood, a sequence of events occur that result in the breakdown of blood proteins and anabolism of organ and muscle tissue. a. True b. False B If glucagon reaches the liver and for some reason the liver cannot provide glucose for the blood, a sequence of events occur that result in the breakdown of blood proteins and cannibalism of organ and muscle tissue. When is the optimal time for ingesting simple sugar? a. Right before an intense workout b. Immediately following an intense workout c. Right before bedtime d. When on a fat loss diet B ___________ fiber is not digestible; __________ fiber is digestible. a. Soluble; insoluble b. Insoluble; soluble B At least how many grams of carbohydrates should be ingested daily, by the average healthy adult, to spare amino acids, proteins and other energy reserves from being converted and used for energy? a. 52 grams b. 106 grams c. 156 grams d. 255 grams C The only usable form of simple sugar in the body is: a. Lactose b. Fructose c. Glucose d. High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) C When blood sugar falls below resting levels, the supply of glucose to the Central Nervous System is reduced. This creates a sluggish, run down and tired feeling because of the resulting effect to higher brain function. a. True b. False A In the absence of ___________ during intense aerobic activity, muscle tissue will be _____________ to provide for the balance of the energy needed to keep up with demand. a. protein; regenerated b. glucose; cannibalized c. protein; cannibalized d. glucose; regenerated B A method for avoiding the occurrence of cannibalism of intracellular proteins in the working muscles during intense resistance exercise is to: a. Eat protein regularly and ingest an easily absorbable carbohydrate about 15 minutes before workouts b. Eat protein regularly and ingest an insoluble fiber about 30 minutes before workouts c. Eat large amounts of protein every other day and ingest an easily absorbable carbohydrate 5 minutes before workouts d. Eat large amounts of protein every other day and ingest an easily absorbable carbohydrate during workouts A Summarize the concepts: Glycemic Index (GI): Glycemic Load (GL): Glycemic Index (GI): a measure of the impact on blood sugar based on the quality of carbohydrate Glycemic Load (GL): a measure of the impact on blood sugar based on the quantity of carbohydrate Find the GL for 1 cup of diced pineapple, using the following nutritional data: Glycemic Index = 64 Carbohydrates = 22g Dietary Fiber = 2g [64 x (22 - 2)] ÷ 100 = 12.8 GI x (C - DF) / 100) = GL Is the GL, for 1 cup of diced pineapple, low, medium or high? Medium Low Density Lipoproteins (LDLs) are considered _________ cholesterols; while the High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) are considered ________ cholesterols. a. good; bad b. bad; good B . During periods of inactivity, Insulin Receptor Sites become less responsive. a. True b. False A If your client struggles with weight loss, it could be because of: a. heredity factors b. over-consumption of 'junk' food c. Both a & b d. Neither a or b C Ingested fats are broken down into: a. Phospholipids, lipolytic enzymes, chylomicrons b. Lipolytic enzymes, triglycerides, cholesterols c. Cholesterols, chylomicrons, phospholipids d. Triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterols D _______________ is the packaged form of broken down fats that provides for fat transport to adipose tissue or the liver. a. Phospholipids b. Chylomicrons c. Cholesterol d. Triglycerides B