CSET Subtest 1 Latest 2023 Graded A

CSET Subtest 1 Latest 2023 Graded A Phonic/Alphabetic Principle Sounds are represented by symbols that can be combined to make units of speech. Logographic Language symbol = idea Phonology Rule system w/in language by which phonemes are sequenced, patterned, & uttered to represent meaning Phoneme smallest unit of language that can change the meaning of a word. Articulation How we PHYSICALLY form words dipthong pair of vowels which make a sound Phonemic Awareness conscious awareness that words/utterances are made up of segments of our own speech that are represented with alphabetic orthography. Phonics approach to the STUDY of the relationship between letters/sounds they represent. Can also mean reading instruction Morphology studies of the rules for forming admissible words bound morpheme morpheme that only has meaning when attached to a word (like the 'un' in unlikely) derivational morpheme when combined with a root, change either the semantic meaning or part of speech of the affected word. In the word unkind, un- functions as a derivational morpheme, for it inverts the meaning of the word formed by the root kind. Affix prefixes and suffixes Syntax How we build sentences Pronoun stands in place of a noun (he, she, it, they) Adverb modifys verb preposition indicates te temporal, sptial or logical realationship of it object to the rest of the sentence Article defininte "the"/indefinite "A/An" Adjective modifys noun Phrase group of words that function as a single unit "The rusty bucket" Clause subject/predicate independent clause Can stand alone as a sentence relative clause modifies what came before it Simple Sentence made up of only one clause Compound Sentence 2+ independent clauses joined together by a conjunction. NO dependent clauses Complex Sentence One or more dependent clauses in addition to main clause Semantics study of meaning of words, clauses, sentences Pragmatics tone, body language, knowledge, etc conveyed Early 1st stage of Language Development cooing, crying, patterned speech, CVC stream "ba ba ba" 0 -12 months Early Toddler stage of Language Developement simple, monosyllabic, "holophrases" Milk! Food! 12 - 18 months Late Toddler stage of Language Development uses verbs, telegraphic speech "Sheriff arrives noon" lacks syntax, present tense only "No bath!" 18 - 26 months Early Childhood stage of Language Developement