NUR 405 Exam 4 (with Complete Solutions)

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) correct answers 1. Damage to any part of the spinal cord causing a temporary or permanent loss of sensory, motor, or autonomic dysfunction below the level of injury 2. Causes: -MVA (38%) -Falls (30.5%) -Violence (13.5%) gun shot wounds, stabbing -Sport injuries (9%) diving, football -Degenerative older w osteoporosis -Cancer, hemorrhage 3. Permanent disability -don't know extent when first occurs -affects independence, economics -body image changes, possible wheelchair, bedridden -decrease in lifespan, higher mortality rate -affects all of the body systems 4. Psychosocial issues Primary Injury correct answers 1. Initial disruption of spinal cord 2. Direct trauma to spinal cord d/t blunt or penetrating trauma 3. Compression by bone displacement, interruption of blood supply or distraction from pulling -spinal cord blood supply interrupted, could be breakage impacting spinal cord and compressing it 4. Penetrating trauma causes tearing and transection -transection: cut in it Secondary Injury correct answers 1. Ongoing progressive damage 2. Causes further permanent damage 3. Results in edema, ischemia and inflammation 4. Blood brain barrier disruption, neuron destruction 5. Spinal cord compression 6. Apoptosis for weeks -cell death: apoptosis 7. Irreversible nerve damage and permanent neurological deficit Spinal Shock correct answers 1. Occurs shortly after injury 2. Loss of deep tendon and sphincter reflexes, loss of sensation and flaccid paralysis below level of injury 3. Lasts days to weeks -can have improvement after 4. Hard to determine extent of injury