BTEC Applied Science Unit 1 Biology
Describe the function of the nucleolus - answerProduces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall - answerProvides rigidity and protection to the cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts - answerSite of photosynthesis as they contain
chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - answerA channel through the cell wall the
allows transport of materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts - answerStores starch and converts starch back
into glucose when the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole - answerStores water and chemicals for cell use.
Also maintains turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts - answerMembrane the surrounds the vacuole.
Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water flow in and
out of the vacuole
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - answerPermeable cell
wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - answerClosely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - answerTo absorb lots
of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together - answerTo form a continuous
layer in the leaf
Explain why palisade cells have a large vacuole - answerTo maintain turgor (pushes
against the cell wall to maintain rigid shape)
, Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell - answerRoot hair shape
Large vacuole
Thin cellulose walls
Explain why root hair cells have an elongated section known as the root hair -
answerIncreased surface area for maximum movement of water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have a large vacuole - answerContains cell sap with low
water potential to encourage water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have thin cellulose walls - answerEncourage movement of
water and minerals into the cell. Short distance for osmosis and diffusion
Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell - answerLots of mitochondria
Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes)
Haploid nucleus
Tail for movement
Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail) - answerTo allow the sperm to
move to the egg
Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of mitochondria - answerTo produce the
large amounts of energy needed for movement
Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head - answerTo push through the protective
layer of the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head - answerTo digest the zona
pellucida to allow entry into the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells have a haploid nucleus - answerContains half the genetic
material.
Describe the adaptations of egg cells - answerContains a haploid nucleus
Protective outer layer (zona pellucida)
Corona radiata
Explain why egg cells have a haploid nucleus - answerContains half the genetic
material
Explain why egg cells have a zona pellucida (protective layer) - answerProtects the cell
and only allows one sperm cell to enter.
Explain why egg cells have a corona radiata (two or three layers attached to the zona
pellucida) - answerContains all of the proteins needed to develop the fertilised cell
Describe the function of the nucleolus - answerProduces ribosomes and RNA
Describe the function of the cell wall - answerProvides rigidity and protection to the cell
Describe the function of the chloroplasts - answerSite of photosynthesis as they contain
chlorophyll
Describe the function of the plasmodesmata - answerA channel through the cell wall the
allows transport of materials from one cell to another
Describe the function of the amyoplasts - answerStores starch and converts starch back
into glucose when the plant needs energy
Describe the function of the vacuole - answerStores water and chemicals for cell use.
Also maintains turgor of cell
Describe the function of the tonoplasts - answerMembrane the surrounds the vacuole.
Protects the vacuole, isolates it from harmful substances and controls water flow in and
out of the vacuole
Why are gram positive bacteria more susceptible to antibiotics? - answerPermeable cell
wall whereas gram negative bacteria has a semi-permeable cell wall
Describe the adaptations found in a palisade cell - answerClosely packed together
Chloroplasts
Large vacuole
Explain why the palisade cell has a large amount of chloroplasts - answerTo absorb lots
of light for photosynthesis
Explain why palisade cells are closely packed together - answerTo form a continuous
layer in the leaf
Explain why palisade cells have a large vacuole - answerTo maintain turgor (pushes
against the cell wall to maintain rigid shape)
, Describe the adaptations of a root hair cell - answerRoot hair shape
Large vacuole
Thin cellulose walls
Explain why root hair cells have an elongated section known as the root hair -
answerIncreased surface area for maximum movement of water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have a large vacuole - answerContains cell sap with low
water potential to encourage water into the cell
Explain why root hair cells have thin cellulose walls - answerEncourage movement of
water and minerals into the cell. Short distance for osmosis and diffusion
Describe the adaptations of a sperm cell - answerLots of mitochondria
Shaped head containing acrosome (with enzymes)
Haploid nucleus
Tail for movement
Explain why a sperm cell has an undulipodium (tail) - answerTo allow the sperm to
move to the egg
Explain why sperm cells contain large numbers of mitochondria - answerTo produce the
large amounts of energy needed for movement
Explain why sperm cells have a shaped head - answerTo push through the protective
layer of the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells contain acrosome in the head - answerTo digest the zona
pellucida to allow entry into the egg cell
Explain why sperm cells have a haploid nucleus - answerContains half the genetic
material.
Describe the adaptations of egg cells - answerContains a haploid nucleus
Protective outer layer (zona pellucida)
Corona radiata
Explain why egg cells have a haploid nucleus - answerContains half the genetic
material
Explain why egg cells have a zona pellucida (protective layer) - answerProtects the cell
and only allows one sperm cell to enter.
Explain why egg cells have a corona radiata (two or three layers attached to the zona
pellucida) - answerContains all of the proteins needed to develop the fertilised cell
