STUDY GUIDE FOR TNCC

STUDY GUIDE FOR TNCC What roles are vital to a trauma team? - CORRECT ANSWER--The patient -The team leader -Core team -Contigency and support services What are the characteristics of an effective team? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Clear roles and responsibilities - Shared mental model - Optimize resources - Strong team leadership - Engage in regular discipline of feedback - Strong sense of collective trust and confidence - Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate - Manage and optimize performance outcomes -Interdependent and adaptive What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient? - CORRECT ANSWERWhat tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What are the benefits of each? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles and responsibilities, establish climate and goals, and engage the team in short and long-term planning - Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues and emerging events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources, express concerns - Debrief: process improvement Define trauma - CORRECT ANSWER-Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates stressors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to compensate Define epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Study of factors that determine and influence the frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other health-related events and their causes in a defined human population When is the potential for traumatic injury present? - CORRECT ANSWER-Whenever energy comes in contact with the human body Define kinematics - CORRECT ANSWER-The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying actual or intentional injuries Define biomechanics - CORRECT ANSWER-The general study of forces and their effects Define mechanism of injury - CORRECT ANSWER-How external forces are transferred to the body, resulting in injury Define potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Stored energy; "at rest" Define kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy in motion Describe Newton's First Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER-A body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force (energy) Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER-(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It takes more force to move a heavy object Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion - CORRECT ANSWER-For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can change form What are the five forms in which energy exist? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Mechanical: direct impact of an object - Thermal - Chemical - Electrical - Radiant The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy - CORRECT ANSWER-Kinetic Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to - CORRECT ANSWER-1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled, energy is quadrupled Kinetic Energy formula - CORRECT ANSWER-KE=1/2mv^2 Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or trauma. - CORRECT ANSWER-External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g., deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal forces represent the ability of the body to withstand external forces. How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Compression strength: ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force - Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched - Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue List four main types of traumatic injury - CORRECT ANSWER-- Blunt trauma - Penetrating trauma - Thermal trauma - Blast trauma Examples of blunt trauma - CORRECT ANSWER-Falls MVA Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions Assaults *Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy transfer causing deceleration or acceleration *Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the impact, the greater the damage Deceleration injuries - CORRECT ANSWER-Occurs as energy is dispersed from the moving object * The speed of an impact is often less significant than the distance over which the energy is transferred Differentiate between deceleration and acceleration forces. - CORRECT ANSWER-pg. 28 What environmental and pathophysiologic factors are considered when the mechanism of injury is a fall? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Point of impact - Type of surface that is hit - Tissue's ability to resist - Acceleration When is a fall considered significant in the pediatric patient? - CORRECT ANSWER-If the fall is from three times his or her height Describe the three impacts in the motor vehicle impact sequence. - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Vehicle hits another object