FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY– RETAKE EXAM/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FNP RETAKE EXAM

FNP PATHOPHYSIOLOGY– RETAKE EXAM/ PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FNP RETAKE EXAM What type of necrosis results from ischemia of neurons and glial cells? a.Coagulative c.Caseous b.Liquefactive d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? a.Bacteriologic c.Liquefactive b.Caseous d.Gangrenous - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Caseous What type of necrosis is associated with wet gangrene? a.Coagulative c.Caseous b.Liquefactive d.Gangrene - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Liquefactive The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called: a.Dysplasia c.Hyperplasia b.Pathologic dysplasia d.Pathologic hyperplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Pathologic hyperplasia After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen. This process is an example of hormonal: a.Hyperplasia c.Hypertrophy b.Dysplasia d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- a.Hyperplasia Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing compensatory: a.Atrophy c.Hyperplasia b.Metaplasia d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperplasia Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells? a.Hyperplasia c.Dysplasia b.Metaplasia d.Anaplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Metaplasia The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of hormonal: a.Atrophy c.Anaplasia b.Hyperplasia d.Dysplasia - -CORRECT ANSWER- b.Hyperplasia Dysplasia refers to a(n): a.Abnormal increase in the number of a specific cell type b.True adaptive process at the cellular level c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type d.Lack of oxygen at the cellular level - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Modification in the shape of a specific cell type What organs are affected by the type of necrosis that results from either severe ischemia or chemical injury? (Select all that apply.) a.Lungs b.Brain c.Kidneys d.Muscles e.Heart - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Kidneys e.Heart A couple has two children diagnosed with an autosomal dominant genetic disease. What is the probability that the next child will have the same genetic disease? a.One sixth c.One third b.One fourth d. One half - -CORRECT ANSWER- d. One half When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, it is inherited from: a.Father c.Both parents b.Mother d.Grandparent - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Both parents Which is an important criterion for discerning autosomal recessive inheritance? a.Consanguinity is sometimes present. b.Females are affected more than males. c.The disease is observed in both the parents, as well as in the siblings. d.On average, one half of the offspring of the carrier will be affected. - -CORRECT ANSWER- a. Consanguinity is sometimes present. Males are more often affected by which type of genetic disease? a.Sex-linked dominant c.Sex-linked b.Sex-influenced d.Sex-linked recessive - -CORRECT ANSWER- d.Sex-linked recessive Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it: a.Stimulates sodium to be removed from the cell in exchange for potassium. b.Binds to potassium to remove it through the kidneys. c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. d.Breaks down the chemical components of potassium, causing it to be no longer effective. - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose. Graves disease develops from a(n): a.Viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone b.Autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace thyroid tissue c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones d.Ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones The signs of thyrotoxic crisis include: a.Constipation with gastric distention c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia b.Bradycardia and bradypnea d.Constipation and lethargy - -CORRECT ANSWER- c.Hyperthermia and tachycardia Pathologic changes associated with Graves disease include: a.High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins