NR 503 EXAM REVIEWS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NR 503 EXAM REVIEWS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-Science of public health. Study of disease within populations & risk factors. Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the individual. Servers to find the "why" of a disease & then to analyze the disease screening, treatment, prevention, and monitoring. population health - CORRECT ANSWER-focuses on risk, data, demographics, and outcomes Outcomes - CORRECT ANSWER-End result that follows an intervention Aggregate - CORRECT ANSWER-defined population Community - CORRECT ANSWER-Multiple aggregates Data - CORRECT ANSWER-Compiled information Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER-Existence of a disease. Number of all cases of the disease Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER-Measures appearance of a disease over a period of time. Surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER-Collection, analysis, and dissemination of data. High-risk - CORRECT ANSWER-An increased chance of poor health outcomes Morbidity - CORRECT ANSWER-Presence of illness in a population Mortality - CORRECT ANSWER-Tracking deaths in an aggregate Vital statistics - CORRECT ANSWER-statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces Cases - CORRECT ANSWER-Criterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event Social Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities-including the right to good health Inter-professional collaboration - CORRECT ANSWER-Collaborative action oriented toward a common goal of improving quality & safety of patient care. Involves responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperation, assertiveness, mutual respect, and autonomy. HP2020 - CORRECT ANSWER-4 goals: 1) attain high-quality lives preventable disease 2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups 3) create social and physical environments that promote good health. 4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and health Determinants of Care - CORRECT ANSWER-Range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status Risk Analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-Characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards health disparities - CORRECT ANSWER-Differences of health statuses between various populations. Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER-Measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition) Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER-True negative rate Measures actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of healthy people who are correctly ID's as not having the condition) Positive Predictive Value (PPV) - CORRECT ANSWER-Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease Epidemiological triangle - CORRECT ANSWER-Triad with an external agent, host, and an environment that cause the disease. Environmental factors and genetics play a role. Disease transmitted directly or indirectly. Outright symptoms or subclinical disease. Confounding Variable - CORRECT ANSWER-Extra variable not accounted for and can ruin the experiment. Can introduce bias. Study methods - CORRECT ANSWER-Descriptive. Analytic. Experimental. Descriptive study methods - CORRECT ANSWER-Describes person, place, and time. Provides data for program planning, resource planning, and generates a hypothesis. Correlational studies, case reports and studies, and cross-sectional studies. Analytic Study Methods - CORRECT ANSWER-Consists of observational and experimental Case control and cohort Experimental Study Methods - CORRECT ANSWER-RCT (new drug testing), Field trial (conducted on those at high risk for getting the disease), Community trial (research conducted on an entire community or neighborhood) Test a hypothesis Rapid Cycle Improvement Models - CORRECT ANSWER-Identifies, implements, and measures changes made to improve a process or a system. Tested over 3 months or less 4 STAGES: PLAN (ID an opportunity to improve and plan a change or test of how something works), DO (carry out a plan on a small number of patients), STUDY (examine the results. Goal achieved?), ACT (use your results to make a decision or make changes, establish a quality improvement plans) How to pick a screening tool - CORRECT ANSWER-Usefulness and appropriateness: a) validity b) specificity c) sensitivity d) reliable e) cost-effective f) improve outcomes for the patient