TNCC Written Exam ALREADY PASSED
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of
resuscitation? - ✔✔Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? -
✔✔Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - ✔✔Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - ✔✔Phrenic
nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - ✔✔Compartment
Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? - ✔✔Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with
rewarming? - ✔✔Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
(NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - ✔✔Peripheral resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - ✔✔Reverse
Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing
lacerations or penetrating injuries? - ✔✔Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia,
hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - ✔✔Quaternary Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground,
or any hard object? - ✔✔Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body
surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe
rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - ✔✔Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or
malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - ✔✔Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough,
orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or
hypotension? - ✔✔Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of
consciousness? - ✔✔Increased intracranial pressure
, Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure,
abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - ✔✔Late signs of
increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - ✔✔Subdural and
Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. -
✔✔Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - ✔✔Postconcussive
Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - ✔✔MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - ✔✔35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - ✔✔Dilation and
increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - ✔✔Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - ✔✔Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - ✔✔small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - ✔✔large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - ✔✔Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - ✔✔Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
Goal value for ICP - ✔✔<15
Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - ✔✔>60
Le Fort Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of the maxilla
What decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - ✔✔Osmotic diuretics (such as 3% saline and
mannitol)
Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - ✔✔Cardiac Tamponade;
1. Hypotension
2. JVD
3. Muffled heart sounds
What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - ✔✔Drop in blood pressure with inspiration, sign
of cardiac tamponade
What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps predict the outcome of
resuscitation? - ✔✔Base deficit used in conjunction with serum lactate
Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the cerebral vasculature? -
✔✔Vasoconstriction
What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit? - ✔✔Metabolic acidosis
What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation? - ✔✔Neurogenic shock
Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting in what? - ✔✔Phrenic
nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of injury? - ✔✔Compartment
Syndrome
What is a high risk of frostbite? - ✔✔Thrombus formation
What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a frostbite injury along with
rewarming? - ✔✔Tissue plasminogen activator or non steroidal anti-inflammatory medication
(NSAIDS)
An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what? - ✔✔Peripheral resistance
What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the bariatric patient? - ✔✔Reverse
Trendelenburg
Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb fragments causing
lacerations or penetrating injuries? - ✔✔Secondary Phase
What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury including hyperglycemia,
hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis? - ✔✔Quaternary Phase
What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast and impacting walls, ground,
or any hard object? - ✔✔Tertiary Phase
What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under pressurization wave with body
surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe
rupture, and mild traumatic brain injury? - ✔✔Primary Phase
Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine, general weakness or
malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels? - ✔✔Rhabdomyolosis
Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia, hemoptysis, cough,
orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung sounds, jugular vein distention, or
hypotension? - ✔✔Pulmonary Embolus
Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia, behavioral changes, altered level of
consciousness? - ✔✔Increased intracranial pressure
, Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation, widening pulse pressure,
abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and decreased respiratory effort? - ✔✔Late signs of
increased ICP with Herniation Syndrome
What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal artery? - ✔✔Subdural and
Epidural Hematoma
Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes headaches, dizziness and nausea. -
✔✔Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP but do not worsen. - ✔✔Postconcussive
Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______ - ✔✔MAP - ICP
What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion? - ✔✔35-45
Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease ICP? - ✔✔Dilation and
increase in ICP due to high CO2
Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction? - ✔✔Constriction d/t low CO2
Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve - ✔✔Fixed and dilated
Pupils with opiates vs stimulants - ✔✔small; large
Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and scopolamine - ✔✔large
Sluggish reaction of pupils is an early sign of what? - ✔✔Increasing ICP
Glasgow Coma Score with Mild, Moderate, and Severe TBI - ✔✔Mild = 13-15
Moderate = 9-12
Severe = 3-8
Goal value for ICP - ✔✔<15
Goal value for Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - ✔✔>60
Le Fort Fracture - ✔✔Fracture of the maxilla
What decrease ICP by decreasing cellular edema? - ✔✔Osmotic diuretics (such as 3% saline and
mannitol)
Becks Triad is a sign of what? And includes what three symptoms? - ✔✔Cardiac Tamponade;
1. Hypotension
2. JVD
3. Muffled heart sounds
What is pulsus paradoxus? And what is it a sign of? - ✔✔Drop in blood pressure with inspiration, sign
of cardiac tamponade
