FCCN Exam Questions &Answers(SCORED A+)!!

positive inotrope examples - ANSWER-dobutamine, digoxin increases contractility (HF) negative inotrope example - ANSWER-beta blockers and CCB decreases contractility (angina) Pre renal - ANSWER-decreased perfusion MAP <60 Intrarenal - ANSWER-actual damage to nephrons=necrosis post-renal - ANSWER-obstruction=tumor, prostate, edema Hyperkalemia ECG changes - ANSWER-Tall tented T waves Hypokalemia ECG changes - ANSWER-U wave hypocalcemia ECG changes - ANSWER-prolonged QT intervals hypomagnesemia ECG changes - ANSWER-widened QRS, prolonged PR & QT, ALWAYS TREAT FIRST Order of replacement of electrolytes - ANSWER-1. magnesium-party starter can increase other electrolytes. 2. potassium 3. phosphorus 4. calcium Preload define: Low tx, high tx - ANSWER-VOLUME increased: constriction of veins decreased: dilation of veins stretch or pressure left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole—when the heart is the most relaxed Low: fluids, vasoconstrictor, albumin High: diuretics, vasodilators (nitro), dialysis