AMSCO 4.1-4.4 questions and answers graded A+ 2023/2024

AMSCO 4.1-4.4How did cross-cultural interactions spread technology and facilitate changes in trade and travel from 1450 to 1750? - correct answers Technology: - Increase in interactions of empires over the Atlantic Ocean led to an increase in naval technology - Compass - Astrolabe - Caravel - Lateen sail - *Cartography* - *Prince Henry the Navigator* - Traders/sailors relied on *astronomical charts* Trade + Travel: - *Maritime empires* - Voyages by *Christopher Columbus* allowed sugar, tobacco, and rum to be exported from the Americas, enslaved people from Africa, and silk, spices, and rhubarb from Asia, and were traded over the Atlantic Ocean - Trade improved with new ships and new technology - Combination of navigational techniques from Europe and other parts of the world led to a rapid expansion of exploration and trade - Gunpowder helped European conquests - Islam grew in Africa and interactions among cultures inside/outside of Africa increased trade and new technology to the continent What were the causes and effects of the state-sponsored expansion of maritime exploration? - correct answers Causes: - *Christopher Columbus* - Control of prices of imports - Desire for wealth - Desire for converts - Technological breakthroughs - European states wanted to expand authority and control of resources - *Mercantilism* - *Prince Henry the Navigator* Effects: - Portugal began importing enslaved Africans by sea (replaced overland slave trade) - Portugal attempted to establish a monopoly over the spice trade by building forts - Catholic settlements were placed where traders traveled and were followed by missionaries - Circumnavigation - Spain annexed Philippines - Silver dominated the economic system in China when brought from the Spanish over the Pacific Ocean - Searches for *Northwest Passage* - New settlements What were the causes of the Columbian Exchange and its effects on the Eastern and Western Hemisphere? - correct answers Causes: - Wealth - *Christopher Columbus* - *Mercantilism* Effects: - *Conquistadors* brought *smallpox* to indigenous people and killed an immense percentage of their population - Europeans introduced pigs, cows, and *horses* to Mesoamerica and it became a staple part of their diet - New crops introduced to both hemispheres started to become money makers - Increase in demand for crops meant increase in demand for labor, which led to an increase in slaves traded overseas (*Transatlantic slave trade*) - African culture spread to new places (*African diaspora*)