AMSCO AP WORLD HISTORY MODERN, Topic 4.2 question with 100% correct answers graded A+

AMSCO AP WORLD HISTORY MODERN, Topic 4.2Christopher Columbus - correct answers Gained the Spanish monarchs' - Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand - support in 1492 for voyages across the Atlantic; his voyages helped increase the interest in discovery What did conquest bring? - correct answers They brought wealth to states thru tax collection & new trading opportunities; it also brought great material wealth, especially silver, to European states What stoked expansion? - correct answers Rivalries among European states & religion Mercantilism - correct answers A theory requiring heavy gov. involvement to max the amount of gold & silver coming into the country and min. the flow of precious metals out of the country; idea of maxing gov involvement to control resources for your country Portugal - correct answers A small kingdom, bounded on the east by the Spanish kingdoms of Castile & Aragon that could only expand overseas; 3 people led its exploration Prince Henry the Navigator () - correct answers 1st European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions, to search for an all-water to the east as well as for African gold; Portugal started importing African slaves by sea Bartholomew Diaz - correct answers He sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, in 1488, into waters his crew didn't know; he feared mutiny if he continued so he returned home Vasco da Gama - correct answers He sailed farther east than Diaz, landing in India in 1498 & claiming territory for Portugal; Portuguese ports in India were a key step in expanding Portugal's trade in the Indian Ocean & with points farther east Afonso de Albuquerque - correct answers A ruthless Portuguese admiral who won a short bloody battle with Arab traders & set up a factory at Malacca in Indonesia; he previously served as governor of Portuguese India () Portuguese arrive at China - correct answers AD 1514; initial visits had little impact on Chinese society, but missionaries followed merchants & tried to gain converts among the Chinese; the Jesuits soon followed with missionaries in Macau impressing the Chinese with their learning, but the scholar gentry weren't impressed Why did the Portuguese have an advantage? - correct answers They had superior ships & weapons that were unmatched among the Europeans; due to this, they'd already won control of both the African & Indian coasts What did the Portuguese do to control trade? - correct answers They made trading posts, which controlled trade routes, the aim being to establish a monopoly over the spice trade in the area trading post empire - correct answers one based on small posts, rather than control of large territories; their forts gave the Portuguese a global trading post empire Portuguese Vulnerability - correct answers small nation that lacked the workers + ships necessary for the enforcement of a big trade empire, & many merchants ignored their gov., trading independently; corruption among gov. officials also hampered the empire & by the 17th century, Dutch & English rivals were challenging them in East Asia Portuguese, early 16th Century - correct answers They traveled to Japan to trade, followed by Christian missionaries in 1549 who formed large Catholic settlements until the 1600s when Japanese rulers outlawed Catholicism & expelled the missionaries Portuguese explorers - correct answers were the 1st Western Europeans to reach the Indian Ocean by sea by going around the southern tip of Africa Ferdinand Magellan - correct answers Spanish gov. sponsored his voyage causing Spanish to become the 1st to circumnavigate the globe; he died on the voyage in 1522, but 1 of his ships made it around the world