Clep- Intro to Sociology Test Questions And Answers

Clep- Intro to Sociology Test Questions And Answers C. Wright Mills - ANSWER- must be able to view sociology humanistically. (understanding motives & human nature) "the sociological imagination". Sociological Imagination - ANSWER- expresses the humanistic aspect (motives & human nature) Auguste Comte (1838) - ANSWER- 3 stages of scientific development and coined the term sociology. Theological stage of scientific development - ANSWER- religious view Metaphysical stage of scientific development - ANSWER- abstract, human nature Positive stage of scientific development - ANSWER- pinnacle of social development, society governed by reliable knowledge and understood by facts. (When people can predict and change their own destinies.) Harriet Martineau () - ANSWER- observed English social patterns. Karl Marx () - ANSWER- "the theoretical giant of communist thought: whose prophecies are still hotly debated. Herbert Spencer () - ANSWER- society follows a natural evolutionary progression toward something better. Emile Durkheim () - ANSWER- statistical study of suicide Max Weber () - ANSWER- sought to explain the origins of capitalism. And developed the method of verstehen. Lester Ward & William Graham Sumner - ANSWER- caused American sociology to experience a loss of interest in the larger problems of social order and change, focusing on specific problems. George Herbert Mead - ANSWER- originated the field of social psychology. Robert Park & Ernest Burgess - ANSWER- were concentrating on the city and on such social problems as crime, drug addiction, prostitution, and juvenile delinquency. Talcott Parsons () - ANSWER- advocated grand theory. Grand theory - ANSWER- based on aspects of the real world forming a conception of society as a stable system of interrelated parts. Robert Merton () - ANSWER- proposed building middle range theories from a limited number of assumptions from which hypotheses are derived. -also distinguished between intended and unintended consequences of existing elements of social structure which are either functional or dysfunctional. Deductive theory - ANSWER- general ideas used to form logical, testable theories. Inductive theory - ANSWER- using concrete observations to form general conclusions through a process of reasoning. Interpretive Sociology - ANSWER- whereby humans attach meaning to their lives and shape their actions based upon both the real and anticipated responses of others. Symbolic interaction - ANSWER- human beings shape their world and are shaped by social interaction.