US history All Milestones (With answers)

US history All Milestones (With answers)Which native civilization invented a numerical system to keep records? The Olmec The Aztec The Maya The Inca The First Settlers 2 When, "in fourteen hundred and ninety-two, Columbus sailed the ocean blue," what hypothesis was he attempting to prove? The Atlantic Ocean is smaller than most cartographers at the time believed. Lands previously unknown to most of Europe existed to the west. That newer, faster boats from Portugal could reach Asia before the crew's supplies ran out. The earth is round and therefore Asia could be reached by sailing west. Maritime Exploration Which of the following historians is collecting archaeological evidence? 3 1 | P a g e• Lorrainne reviews ships' passenger lists and makes a map of where European immigrants to Haiti came from. • Lamar analyzes the foundations of buildings that made up part of an early Spanish town in northern Haiti. • Lacey watches a documentary about the history of Haiti and its role in the sugar industry. • Lucien speaks with residents of Haiti about how it has changed over the last hundred years. Think About It: What is History? 4 Which of the following statements best reflects the official attitude toward religious freedom in the northern colonies? • "Puritanism is the official religion of the colony, but individuals may abstain from its rituals and practice other religions privately." • "Other religions may be present in the colony, but Puritanism must be given pride of place in government." • "Every member of the colony must accept Puritanism and live by its rules, whether or not he is a member of the elect." • "Any religion is welcome in this colony, but most settlers are Puritan, and thus the democratic government reflects their beliefs." Settling the Northern Colonies 2 | P a g e5 "What were the causes of the Civil War?" Consider the above research question and choose the secondary source that is best suited to answer it. • First-hand accounts from freed slaves following the Civil War • A 2018 biography of General Robert E. Lee, who led the South's army • A Hollywood film about the life of Abraham Lincoln • Maps of the United States that were produced prior to 1860 Analyzing Primary Sources 6 "Interacting with natives on somewhat equal terms was demonstrated by sitting down with them." The above statement is most representative of which group of European explorers? • English • French • Dutch • Spanish Think About It: How Did Europeans Justify Colonization of the New World? Many Native Americans were eager to trade with Europeans for advanced weaponry. What was an economic effect of this trade? 7 3 | P a g e• Native Americans began harvesting the raw materials used to make muskets and gunpowder. • Native Americans began to hunt more beavers so they could trade the pelts for muskets. • Native Americans began selling Europeans traditional native weaponry like bows and arrows in exchange. • Native Americans stopped trading with other tribes because now they could use muskets to steal from one another. Native American Interactions with Europeans 8 What is one way that Nathaniel Bacon's 1675-76 rebellion contributed to the increasing presence of slavery in the decades that followed? • Bacon's Rebellion represented a challenge to the Protestant government of Virginia by non-Christian, black settlers, so their rights were taken away. • Bacon's Rebellion demanded that white settlers from Europe not have to work, so the government legalized black slavery. • Bacon's Rebellion pitted the working class against the elites, which made a labor force with no rights or power more attractive. • Bacon's Rebellion demanded a black presence in government, which made the whites in power take away the legal rights of blacks. Settling the Southern Colonies What reason did the Quakers, who opposed slavery, give in support of their view? 9 4 | P a g e• "We are the loyal subjects of Charles II. He opposes slavery, and thus do we." • "Other colonies are beginning to oppose slavery. We should as well so that we're not left behind." • "Christians are not supposed to treat others in ways they themselves would not like to be treated." • "Many of us have had visions of slavery being abolished. It is thus the will of God." Settling the Middle Colonies Which of the following statements is true? • Historians often see past events through the lenses of their own ideas and values. • Historians must take all primary and secondary sources at their word. • Historians generally agree on the best ways to interpret past events. • The only way to learn about history is to research the works of previous historians. The Historian's Practice 11 Which English colony was founded in 1634 as a second source of tobacco production with a charter from King Charles I? 10 5 | P a g e• Maryland • Jamestown • Massachusetts Bay • Pennsylvania The English Colonial Experiment: Virginia and Massachusetts Which of the following premises is an essential part of Mercantilism? 12 • Individual people pursuing their goals are more important than nations. • There is only so much wealth in the world, so a nation must gain control of as much as possible. • African slaves are necessary because manual labor is beneath Europeans. • Colonization is a first step toward building new, stable, independent nations in America. The Atlantic World Which of the following beliefs was advanced by the Puritans? 13 • The pope is the lawful head of the whole church, not Henry VIII or any other national leader. • 6 | P a g eThe Americas are a promised land specially reserved by God for Puritans. • By reading scripture, individuals can determine whether or not they have been chosen by God to be saved. • Henry VIII's break with the Catholic Church should not be felt by ordinary people going about their religion. English Contact 14 Which of the following was a source of tension between English colonists and Native Americans? • Native Americans killed colonists indiscriminately, but the reverse was not true. • The growing Native American population placed pressure on colonial settlements. • Colonists and various native groups sought to exploit each other to further their own ends. • Native Americans and colonists competed for control of the tobacco market. English and Native American Conflict 15 Which of the following statements best describes the situation in Central America prior to the arrival of Spanish conquistadores?