Political Science Chapter 1 Latest 2023 Graded A

Political Science Chapter 1 Latest 2023 Graded A Politics the process of resol gets what, whving conflicts and deciding when and how. Institution an ongoing organization that peforms certain functions for society. Government an institution in which decisions are made that resolve conflicts on allocated benefits and priviledges order a state of peace and security Liberty the greatest freedom of the individual that is consitent with the freedom that is consistent with the freedom of individuals in the society Authority the right and power to renforce its decisions and compel obedience legitimacy a popular acceptance of the right and power of a government of other entity to exercise authority. Totalitarian regime a form of government thacontrols all aspects of the political and social life of a nation Authoritarianism a type of regime in which only the government itself is fully controlled by the ruler. Aristocracy rule by the best, in reality, rule by an upper class Theocracy literally, ruled by god or the gods; in practice, ruled by the religious leaders. typically self appointed Oligarchy ruled by few Anarchy the condition of no government DEmocracy a system of government in which political authority is vested in the people Direct Democracy a system of government in which the political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by the elected representatives. legislatures A government body primarily responsible for a law or a constitutional amendment. Recall A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term his expired. Referendum An electoral device. Whereby legislative or referred by the legislature to the votes for approval or disapproval. Initiate A procedure by which voters. Can propose a law or a constitutional amendment. Republic A form of government in which sovereign power rests witht he people, rather than with a king or a monarch. Consent of the people The idea that governments and laws derive their legitimacy from the consent of the governed. Popular Sovereignty The concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people. DEmocratic Republic a republic in which representatives elected by the people make and enforce laws and policies. representative democracy a form of government in which representatives elected by th epeople make and enforce laws and policies; may retain the monarchy in a ceremonial role universal suffrage the right of all adults to vote fo the ir representatives majority more than 50 percent majority rule a basic principe of democracy asserting that the greatest number of citizens in any political unit should select officials and determine policies limited government a government with powers that are limited either through a wirtten document or through widely shared beliefs majoritarianism a political theory holding that in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want. elite theory a perspective holding that society is ruled by a small number of people who exercise power to futrther their self interest pluralism a theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups, political decision making is characterized by compromise and accommodation. political culture a patterned set of idaeas, values, ways of thinking and government and politics political socialization the process by which political beliefs and values are transmitted to new immigrants and to our children. The family and the educationl system are two of the most important forces in the political socialization process. civil liberties those personal dreedoms, including freedom of religions and freedom of speech, that are protected for all individuals. The civil liberties set forth in the U.S. Constitution as amended restrained the government from taking certain actions against individuals. Bill of rights the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution Equality as a poltical value, the idea that all people are of equal worth Property anything that is conceived by the political philosopher John Locke, the right to property is a natural right superior to human law. (laws made by government) Capitalism an economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth, creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract. Idealogy a comprehensive set of beliefs about the nature of people and about the role of an institution Conservatism a set of beliefs that includes a limited role for the national government in helping individuals support for traditional values and lifestyles anda cautious response to change. Liberalism a set of beliefs that includes the advocacy of positive government action to improve the walfeare of individuals, support for civil rights, and tolerance for political and social change. Socialism a political ideaology based on strong support for economics. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major business were taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives Libertarianism A political ideaology based on skepticism or opposition toward most government activities.