Assessment: Respiratory System Lewis Chapter 25 questions with correct answers

A patient has metabolic acidosis secondary to type 1 diabetes. What physiologic response should the nurse expect to assess in the patient? 1. Vomiting 2. Increased urination 3. Decreased heart rate 4. Increased respiratory rate CORRECT ANSWER 4. Increased respiratory rate Rationale: When a patient with type 1 diabetes has hyperglycemia and ketonemia causing metabolic acidosis, the physiologic response is to increase the respiratory rate and tidal volume to blow off the excess CO2. Vomiting and increased urination may occur with hyperglycemia, but not as physiologic responses to metabolic acidosis. The heart rate will increase. A patient with recurrent shortness of breath has just had a bronchoscopy. What is a priority nursing action immediately after the procedure? 1. Monitor the patient for laryngeal edema. 2. Assess the patient's level of consciousness. 3. Monitor and manage the patient's level of pain. 4. Assess the patient's heart rate and blood pressure. CORRECT ANSWER 1. Monitor the patient for laryngeal edema. Rationale: Priorities for assessment are the patient's airway and breathing, both of which may be compromised after bronchoscopy by laryngeal edema. These assessment parameters supersede the importance of loss of consciousness (LOC), pain, heart rate, and blood pressure, although the nurse should also be assessing these.