Enzymology in a nutshell

what are
Ezylog
?
or enzymes
,
enzymes
d ↳ specialised proteins
&




-
Biocatalysts ↳ speed up the chemical reaction

Zu ↑ ↳largely predominate in
What is a
catalyst ? 2 inorganic
ions
of that
increase/decrease




Marietyatalysts
② catalyst The rate of reaction



but not all catals in
are
enzymes .


V
Differences Catalyst
Enzyme
-

#
&

-




I . -


organic
in nature Based on -Inorganic in nature
2.
High molecular notchemical low Molecular weight
-
-


Nature metal ions
gobular proteins
.
3 - Are "proteins" - Are Metal Ions/ enzyme

4 There
. are a types : Based on There are a types
1. Activationenzymes types
. 1 . Positive catalysts
2 .


Inhibitory enzymes .
2 Negative catalysts
.



.Gives
5 faster late of Based on
Gives slower rate of
reaction . Rate of R
. reaction
aged .
-largely remain
. Enzymes need
6 optimum Based on Catalysts do not need

temp pH soll
:
, they temperature any
,
optimum temp ph ,



are
specialised proteins PH came are stable at all
tery
S
.

,

act diff.
enence work
,
easily
PH .



(highes/lawer).
i e
.


secific denatures Anything !!I
.
7


Enzymes are more Based on Catalysts are less

specific specificity
.
specific comp. to enzym

, O catalysts
similarity of
enzymes
↓
⑧samsuddtiene

Both are not consumed in the


estion ?? entire course of reaction .


Approve / Disapprove :
1
II
All are
protein in
enzymes nature

No ,
I
disapprove
, Not "All" enzymes are
protein in nature
,

There's an
exception :
Ribozymes a made of
up
RNA

An consists of 2
portions parts /
enzyme
.




-
Apenzyme cofactor/coenzyme
-




↓
-


↓
-




d organic part
of non-protein
protein part I is
part a A is derived
from
↓ enzyme
an
metal ion
V
Vitamins"
My 44tca2+
+

But is an catalytic +
inactive portion . 2n

Wi no cofactor att to it
.



Agloenzyme what makes an catalytic enzyme
the way
,

↳
Catalytic active enz. it is ?
↳ makes the
i
.

capable of converting
e Presence of cofactor enzyme
the substrate to prod catalytic active . N
sout of an requirement for
a bounded
cofactors
&
catalytic active
.

to it
.
Move about cofactors
types
--
: Are vitamins ORGANIC IN ORGANIC
in nature
Vitamin B complex
6Coenzymes ↓ ↓
metalions
eg : Riboflavin

2/ help of &
These
coenzymes/lofactors are fightly bound
enzyme (Apoenzyme)
to the are are


COVALENTING termed as "Prosthetic groups"

, &


co-substrate is the one cofactor
A
Inon-protein
+
Apoenzyme
(protein part)
i. e not
rightly bounded to part) H
MOLOENZYME


·
the
enzyme
.
Lactive enzyme)
&




DIEF UNIIS TO MEASURE ENZYE
S ACTIVITY us rate of conversion of
-

substrate to
product
Enzymes
.




:


International Unit (IV] are biomassess -> The
change in
S helps us to
their levels (as

umol/min understand they are
protein)
↓ what's next to
Amt of
enzyme that catalyses come .




I mol of
the conversion of
substrate
per min under
->
Revised -
Kata
- a
katal of
I enzyme
Optimum conditions (pH temp
, ,
con!
activity converts (mol of

substrate per second .




1 IV 16 6 7 n katal i nmol/s
to
we know =
.

&
.
e
= 16 . 67
· 2I0=2x10 67 .
n Katal
= 43 34 .
n Katal
/

Activity Turnover number
Specific - -



of of substrate molecules
->
Activity an
enzyme per -> no

converted
mg of an total protein
. to
product per
↓ .
second
Units : mol of substrate converted
Inactive form of an
zymogen :
into product per min/mg enzyme
similar
under optimum condition
:
pepsinogen
d chymotrypsinogen .




: . mol of substrate/min/mg




impo d
↳
use