Pharmacology Clear and Simple: Test One (Ch. 1-10) Verified Answers by Experts

Pharmacology Clear and Simple: Test One (Ch. 1-10) While caring for a client who is taking furosemide (Lasix), the nurse recognizes dietary teaching has been effective if the patient includes which of the following foods in his daily menus? A) Broccoli and kiwi B) Oranges and sweet potatoes C) Kale and cucumbers D) Bananas and melon - ANS B) Oranges and sweet potatoes A client newly diagnosed with diabetes tells the nurse, "I can't take any insulin made from pigs or cows." Which of the following responses by the nurse is best? A) "Most insulin comes from animal sources, but I'm sure alternative options are available." B) "Medications that are derived from animals are typically less expensive than synthetic medications, but synthetic insulin is commonly available." C) "Most insulin is synthetic now to help reduce the risk of disease transmission." D) "The animals aren't hurt in the production of medications, so you don't need to worry." - ANS C) "Most insulin is synthetic now to help reduce the risk of disease transmission." While providing medications to clients on the cardiac unit, the nurse anticipates that hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate (BiDil) would most likely be prescribed for which of the following clients? A) A 48-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with atrial fibrillation B) A 55-year-old African American female diagnosed with hypertension C) A 63-year-old Caucasian female diagnosed with sick sinus syndrome D) A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure - ANS D) A 64-year-old African American male diagnosed with heart failure While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes pre-operatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements? A) "The antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery." B) "This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery." C) "This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery." D) "This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis." - ANS A) "The antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery." While caring for a patient with a history of hypothyroidism, the nurse expects which of the following medications to be included in the patient's medication list? A) Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) B) Estrogen (Estradiol) C) Iodine 131 D) Carbimazole (Methimazole) - ANS A) Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid) The nurse is receiving a shift-to-shift report on a medical unit and is informed that a 55-year-old patient with a history of vomiting is scheduled for a diagnostic radiograph of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in the client's teaching? A) "You will need to drink a large amount of prep to clear out your system before the test." B) "It is important that you be given a prophylactic medication to prevent aspiration during the test." C) "You will be asked to drink a barium contrast about 30 minutes before the test to help highlight any digestive problems." D) "You will be given a sedative to help make you sleepy during the testing procedure." - ANS C) "You will be asked to drink a barium contrast about 30 minutes before the test to help highlight any digestive problems." A student nurse is providing care for a 29-year-old patient with advanced cervical cancer who was recently admitted with metastatic disease. While reviewing the patient's medication list, the student would categorize which of the following medications as palliative in nature? A) Cisplatin (Platinol) 50 mg IV weekly to start day 8 B) Sorafenib (Nexavar) 200 mg orally twice daily for 7 days C) Ondansetron (Zofran) 4 mg IV prior to chemotherapy D) Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) 5 mg po every 4 hours as needed for pain - ANS D) Morphine sulfate (Roxanol) 5 mg po every 4 hours as needed for pain A woman experiencing menopausal symptoms asks the nurse about conjugated estrogen (Premarin). Which of the following statements by the individual indicates an understanding of the medication's origin? A) "I'm against animal cruelty, so I don't want to take anything made from animal flesh." B) "I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses." C) "Because I'm Jewish, I can't take the medication since it comes from pigs." D) "I think harvesting medicines from cows seems rather odd." - ANS B) "I was told the medication is actually derived from the urine of pregnant horses." The nurse working in a diagnostic center is responsible for verifying client allergies prior to testing. A 47-year-old woman reports being allergic to iodine, and thus is unable to have which test? A) Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) C) Colonoscopy D) Thyroid scan - ANS D) Thyroid scan The nurse is preparing to apply valacyclovir (Valtrex) ointment to the shingles lesions located across a client's left side and lower back. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A) Place the patient in a supine position. B) Determine when the rash was first noted. C) Ensure that the skin is clean and dry. D) Take the patient's vital signs. - ANS C) Ensure that the skin is clean and dry. The nurse is providing care for a client at 32 weeks' gestation who started low-molecular heparin injections after developing a deep vein thrombosis. The client asks the nurse, "Why do I have to take a shot? Why can't I take the blood clot medicine that my dad takes orally?" Which of the following responses by the nurse is best? A) "Anything that is fat-soluble, including warfarin (Coumadin), is able to cross the placental barrier. Heparin is not fat-soluble so it doesn't cross the barrier well." B) "The placenta is easily crossed by anything you take by mouth while you are pregnant, but not by things absorbed in other ways." C) "Only water-soluble substances such as vitamins can cross the placental barrier, so you could take either medication, but heparin is cheaper." D) "They are the same medication, but the shot is absorbed faster than the pill so the doctor wants you to take daily shots." - ANS A) "Anything that is fat-soluble, including warfarin (Coumadin), is able to cross the placental barrier. Heparin is not fat-soluble so it doesn't cross the barrier well." The nurse is providing care to a client with HIV who has been prescribed fosamprenavir (Lexiva). Which of the following statements by the client indicates that further teaching is necessary? A) "The metabolites of this medication may be excreted in active form." B) "I'm glad my kidneys work so well; otherwise the medication wouldn't work." C) "This drug actually has to be broken down by my body to fight the virus." D) "Isn't it fascinating that my liver has to metabolize the drug for it to work?" - ANS B) "I'm glad my kidneys work so well; otherwise the medication wouldn't work." The nurse is working with a client who was recently started on insulin therapy. The client's young daughter asks, "Why do you have to give her a shot? Why can't you just give her a pill?" Which of the following responses by the nurse is best? A) "Our bodies make insulin normally, so it is a liquid medication." B) "We do have diabetic medications in pill form. I'm not sure why the doctor ordered it this way for your mom." C) "Insulin is manufactured and given this way so it absorbs more rapidly into the body." D) "The acid in your mother's stomach would destroy this medication, so it can't be swallowed." - ANS D) "The acid in your mother's stomach would destroy this medication, so it can't be swallowed."