NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology STUDY GUIDE PATHO QUIZ 1 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS PASSED A+ VERIFIED

NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology STUDY GUIDE PATHO QUIZ 1 LATEST QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS PASSED A+ VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE FOR QUIZ #1 Advanced Pathophysiology 2019 Study the process of meiosis – specifically what occurs when homologous chromosomes fail to separate Human cell can be categorized into gametes (Sperm & egg cells) and somatic cells, which include all cells other than gametes. Each somatic cell nucleus has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. These are diploid cells, and the individual’s fatherand mother each donate on chromosome per pair. New somatic cells are formed through mitosis and cytokinesis. Gametes are haploid cells: they have only 1 member of each chromosome pair, for a total of 23 chromosomes. Haploidcells are formed from diploid cells by meiosis. A somatic cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes In meiosis I, chromosomes in a diploid cell resegregate, producing four haploid daughter cells. It is this step in meiosisthat generates genetic diversity. DNA replication precedes the start of meiosis I. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses, a step unique to meiosis. In meiosis a haploid cell is created from a diploid cell.What are the 8 stages of meiosis in order? Aneuploidy is caused by nondisjunction, which occurs when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids failto separate during meiosis. The loss of a single chromosome from a diploid genome is called monosomy (2n-1), while the gain of one chromosome is called trisomy (2n+1). Know the risk factors for down syndrome Nondisjunction occurs when homologous chromosomes (meiosis I) or sister chromatids (meiosis II) fail to separateduring meiosis The most common trisomy is that of chromosome 21, which leads to Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorderDown syndrome Best known example of aneuploidyTrisomy 21 1:800 live births Mentally retarded, low nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, protruding tongue, poor muscle toneRisk increases with maternal age >35 People who have down syndrome are at a higher risk for developing Alzheimer disease because of involvement ofchromosome 21. 1 in 800 to 1 in 1000 live births are affected with Down syndrome.