Pediatrics Questions and Answers Already Passed

Pediatrics Questions and Answers Already Passed Hand recogniton in the visual field 2 months Reflexive grasp replaced by voluntary grasp 6 months Progression from 6-12 months ulnar-palmar grasp->radial-palmar grasp->radial digital grasp->inferior pincer grasp-> superior pincer grasp-> and 3 jaw chuck Voluntary release 7-9 months Transfer objects from one hand to another 9 months Trun pages in a book, string beads, stack blocks 2 years Button clothes, open/close jars 3 years Infants-therapy and play explore enviornment with their senses, learn to manipulate objects with thier hands, have a large variety of toys available that are boldly colored, visually/auditiorily intersting, easily grasped by little hands and safe to put in the mouth Toddlers-therapy/ play Parallel play, imitation is key to learning at this stage, like to imitate adult activites such as housework, say "no" frequently as they are exerting their independence, enjoy obstacle courses and ball activites Preschool therapy/play use of imagination emerges, interaction with peers during play increases->parallesl->associative->cooperative School-aged children (5-9) therapy/play engage in symbolic play without guidance from adults, use small rewards to motivate(stickers, candy) School-aged children (10-12) therapy/play prefer group activites, motivated by interesting equipment and competiton with family members, peers, PT or self, use sticker or reward charts to record progress Gestation divided into 3 trimesters, from the first day if mothers last normal menstral cycle, normal gestational age at birth is 38-42 weeks Therapy strategies plan how you will use the enviornment and or toys to work on specific goals, facilitate work in a variety of developmental positons, Attempt to mimic the normal, everday routines of the child, Ways to succeed Always have a back-up plan, any activity can be turned into therapy, provide choices that are within your goals, remember each child is unique, FUNCTION is the key IDEA -Individuals with disabilites education act-2004 began as education for all handicapped children act of 1975 , has been revised on several occasions with the last reuthorizations in Federal law Part C is early childhood intervention programs for infants and toddlers birth to 3 years Federal las Part B is public education for children ages (3-21) with disabilites The federal program is overseen by the state and implemented at the distreic level states and districts are always free to implement sticter guidelines than federal ones Each child is gauranteed a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in their least restrictie enviornment (LRE) What does that mean? special education is provided to mmet the unique and individual needs of the child, related services (PT) are services required in order for the child to benefit from the special education services he is recieving Requiresments of IDEA parents cannot be charged for services their child needs to benefit from his education, srvices must be provided to the child in the enviornment that is most like that of his peers and where educational gains can still be met (can't just be used to a " special" school), the cadillac is not required, the Buick is acceptable Physical therapy-IDEA utilized to assist students in accessing and participatin in school activites, gross motor activities typically worked on include, walking to class/recess/lunch, sitting at a desk, sitting on the floor for circle time, playing on the playground, opening doors, boarding the bus (IEP)-Individualized Education Plan developed for how the childs services will be provided and evaluated, PT and PTA provide services through direct interventions and collaboration and training of teachers and family. The team is multi-disciplinary