Barron's CCRN: Renal questions with correct answers

Functional unit of the kidneys CORRECT ANSWER-Nephrons -Each kidney has ~1 million nephrons, and each nephron has a vascular system and a tubular system How are the kidneys affected when blood pressure drops CORRECT ANSWER-Renal perfusion is decreased, and the compensatory response at the level of the nephrons occur --*Afferent arterioles DILATE*- increasing flow to the glomerular capillaries AND *efferent arterioles CONSTRICT*- decreasing flow from the glomerular capillaries This results in an *increased pressure gradient within the capillary bed* Patients at increased risk for acute renal failure CORRECT ANSWER-Diabetes Heart failure Hypertension Nephrotoxic substances examples CORRECT ANSWER-Antibiotics NSAIDS ACE inhibitors, ARBs Antineoplastics Contrast media Diuretics, if overused and result in vascular volume depletion