KROK 2018 QUESTION $ ANSWERS

KROK 2018 QUESTION $ ANSWERS Genetic recombination is achieved via several mechanisms. One such mechanism is crossingover. It occurs at the following stage of prophase in the first meiotic division: 1. Diplonema 2. Diakinesis 3. Zygonema 4. Pachynema 5. Leptonema - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A 54-year-old man complains of general weakness, frequent colds, and bruises constantly appearing on his body. Blood test: erythrocytes - 2.5 × 1012/L; Hb- 80 g/L; color index - 0.9; reticulocytes - absent; platelets - 50 × 109/L; leukocytes - 58 × 109/L; leukogram: basocytes - 5%, eosinophils - 15%, myeloblasts - 6%, myelocytes - 10%, juvenile - 18%, stab neutrophils - 26%, segmented neutrophils - 10%, lymphocytes - 8%, monocytes - 2%, ESR - 40 mm/hour. What hematologic conclusion can be made? 1. Basophilic eosinophilic leukocytosis 2. Myeloblastic leukemia 3. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia 4. Chronic myelogenous leukemia 5. Leukemoid response - CORRECT ANSWERS-D General structure of eukaryotic genes is as follows: exon-intron-exon. Such functional structure of a gene leads to certain specifics of the transcription process. What sequence will correspond with precursor mRNA (immature)? 1. Intron-exon 2. Exon-intron-exon 3. Exon-exon-intron 4. Exon-intron 5. Exon-exon - CORRECT ANSWERS-B A 40-year-old woman suffers from Cushing's disease - steroid diabetes. On biochemical examination she has hyperglycemia and hypochloremia. What process activates in the first place in such patients? 1. Glucose transport to the cells 2. Gluconeogenesis 3. Glycolysis 4. Glucose reabsorption 5. Glycogenolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-B An electron micrograph of a nephron segment shows cuboidal cells with ciliated lining on their apical surfaces; their basal surfaces have basal striation with mitochondria located between the cytolemma invaginations. Name the described nephron segment: 1. Thin limbs of Henle's loop 2. Collecting ducts 3. Proximal tubule 4. Distal tubule 5. Glomerular capsule - CORRECT ANSWERS-C A woman has come to the hospital with complaints of general weakness, dizziness, and dyspnea. Recently she has been taking levomycetin (chloramphenicol) for prevention of enteric infection. Blood test: erythrocytes - 1.9 × 10 12/L, hemoglobin - 58 g/L, color index - 0.9, leukocytes - 2.2 G/L, reticulocytes - 0.3%. What type of anemia is it indicative of? 1. Hemolytic 2. Aplastic 3. Iron-deficiency 4. Hypoplastic 5. Metaplastic - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A patient presents with dilated blood vessels of the anterior medial surface of the lower leg. This condition resulted from the dilation of the following blood vessel: 1. V. saphena magna 2. А. tibialis posterior 3. А. tibialis anterior 4. V. saphena parva 5. V. poplitea - CORRECT ANSWERS-A Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease is present in every generation, equally presented by the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it? 1. X-linked recessive 2. Autosomal recessive 3. Autosomal dominant 4. X-linked dominant 5. Y-linked - CORRECT ANSWERS-C A specimen of a 10-day-old human embryo shows two interconnected sacs (amniotic and yolk sacs). Name the structure located in the place where these two sacs connect: 1. Floor of the amniotic sac 2. Roof of the amniotic sac 3. Amniotic stalk 4. Extraembryonic mesoderm 5. Embryonic shield - CORRECT ANSWERS-E After a hand fracture the man has lost the ability to touch his little finger with the thumb on the affected hand. Examination of the palmar surface shows one of the palmar muscles to be atrophied. Name the affected muscle: 1. M. flexor digiti minimi 2. Mm. interossei 3. Mm. lumbricales 4. M. opponens policis 5. M. palmaris brevis - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A 45-year-old man diagnosed with hepatic cirrhosis and ascites underwent drainage of 5 liters of fluid from his abdominal cavity, which resulted in development of syncopal state due to insufficient blood supply to the brain. What circulatory disorder occurred in the abdominal cavity in this case? 1. Venous hyperemia 2. Ischemia 3. Embolism 4. Arterial hyperemia 5. Thrombosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A patient suffers from posttraumatic hemorrhage that resulted in development of hemorrhagic shock. What volume of circulating blood was lost by the patient? 1. 50-75% 2. 40-50% 3. 12-25% 4. 25-40% 5. 3-20% - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A 17-year-old girl suffers from periodical palpitations that last several minutes. Her heart rate is 200/min., rhythmic. What heart rhythm disorder developed in this patient? 1. Sinus tachycardia 2. Sinus bradycardia 3. Extrasystole 4. Atrioventricular block 5. Paroxysmal tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWERS-E Vestibular receptors of semicircular canals of a test animal have been destroyed. What reflexes will disappear as a result? 1. Primary orienting reflex 2. Statokinetic reflex during movements with linear acceleration 3. Body-righting reflex 4. Statokinetic reflex during movements with angular acceleration 5. Head-righting reflex - CORRECT ANSWERS-D A hereditary disease - homocystinuria - is caused by disturbed transformati-on of homocysteine into methionine. Accumulated homocysteine