Mock IGCSE exams geography case studies
Bangladesh, Dhaka is an overpopulated country. A case study done in 2016, found multiple
reason to why it is an overpopulated country. These reasons are the country is frequently
flooded by river floods by coastal floods which, have caused more than million deaths. The
country is the eighth largest population in the world and has a high population density. In
Bangladesh there are few natural resources and reliance on farming. Muslims have a very
high birth rate. 40% of the population is unemployed, meaning they have no jobs, and 31.5%
of the population live below the poverty line. In conclusion the reason for the country being
over-populated is having a lot of people however, not enough natural resources for an
overpopulated place.
Australia is an under populated country. A case study in 2016, found multiple reasons to
why it is an overpopulated country. These reasons for being an under populated country is
because, there is a low fertility rate, it is mostly land and has a lot of rich resources. They can
export their goods and by this they earn a lot of money. Other reasons are that the
population is under 23 million, and labor force is only 12.6 million. Australia has the highest
net migration rate (5.6 per 1000) in the world. Australia has service sector employs 75% of
Australians, and the unemployment rate is low (5.8%). The country has a natural population
increase of 1.5%.
Education served in Australia is high. The reason for this is because 59% of Australians are
literate, and educations is available for 20 years. The infant mortality rate is only 0.46%.
In conclusion, Australia is an under populated country due to low fertility rate and is rich in
resources with lots of land.
Niger, Niamey (capital) is a country with rapid population growth. A case study done in 2016,
found a lot of reason for the country resulting as a rapid population growth. These reasons
for are because it has the highest birth rate in the world, they have infant mortality and
reducing death rate. It has the highest total fertility rate. Food production cannot keep up
with the total population. The country is on the poverty line (45%) and has a larger young
population. Another problem is that this country has deforestation. This results to low
housing, and not enough food to feed the population.
In Niger the women lack of education, marriage is common by 60% which means involving
children under 16, and 80% of the population is Muslim. This means that they have a high
birth rate, similar to Bangladesh.
The health care in the country is not good. The reason for this is because 90% of the
population lack of proper sanitation, and 50% lack safe drinking water. Although the 50% is a
rural population.
France is a pro-natalist country. The country's population growth is too slow. The problems
such as, an ageing population, a decrease in supply labour, this means that there were too
fewer workers in the work force. Another reason for France placing a pro-natalist policy is
because of, paying taxes, reducing economic growth, and increasing poverty. In order to
encourage France to have more children, people in France were allowed to have 3 children
per couple. The reason they thought this is because, the more children you have the less
, taxes you have to pay, women stay off the work force for their third baby's first year, they
get to stay home for 36 months to take care of the child, there is childcare enforced for
children under the age of three, and lastly, there is free schooling for children aged over
three.
China was a one-child population country. In the 1960s the birth rate was seen as
unsustainable (48/1000). China did not have enough food, water, and the energy to provide
a rapid population. Therefore in 1979, the government enforced a one-child policy. The
positive impacts based on the policy is that it reduced the fertility rate from 3 births in 1980
to 1.5 in 2011. This meant that is was below the needed number of children to keep the
population stable. Within the policy China managed to reduce the issue based on
overpopulated regions. This meant there was less pressure on social services, housing, and
less danger of epidemics spreading. However, although the policy brought positive impacts,
it also brought negative impacts. Those are: social and economic impacts. Some results to
the policy were having more males rather than females. Females sent to orphanages, seeing
a rise of female fetus abortions, and increases in infanticide of baby girls. In economy the
impacts were that the population is ageing rapidly, and people of old age need to be all
supported financially. This includes for expensive health care. It’s expected for China to have
more elderly than children, and for the future economy China won't have enough workers to
keep expanding the population, while supporting the growing number of non-workers in the
population.
Rural settlement in an LEDC: the Tsoelike valley, Lesotho
Near the Sengu River there is a disperse pattern. There is also a nucleated pattern near the
A4 road which is the east side. In addition, a linear pattern is shown on the western side
between the A4 road and Tseolike River. Some advantages of a nucleated settlement are the
now a days, it is easier and less expensive to provide useful services. Rural craft industries
such as, weaving and basket making, are also more easily organized in nucleated
settlements. However, in the past nucleated settlements were benefited the settlement was
for defense purposes. The main activity in the highest land is only grazing because the
settlement in these areas are cattle parts, which inhabited only in summer. Another reason
is because of the shortage of the flat land is a problem for the settlement. In addition, it is
not warm enough to grow crops. Most settlements in Tsoelike valley are below 2250 meters
is because, it is warm enough to cultivate crops and to do some agriculture. Most
settlements are on the north facing slopes because, more sunlight is received more than the
south-facing slopes, this also make cultivation easier. The valley floor is avoided due to the
fact it is haggy (too wet and muddy to be easily walked on), poorly drained and prone to
flooding. Some social problems this area face is that the growing population has increased
the pressure on the available land (land tenure system), lack of employment and, in other
countries, many young people no longer want to work in agriculture which led to labour
shortage because people are leaving to work in mining. Services are located in the nearest
town, Qacha's wek which is 15 kilometers away. Masen provides once daily has services and
has an international airport and the national government.
Rural settlement in an MEDC: Rio Poqueira a Valley, Granada Province Spain
The different villages are nucleated however, they are separated in general, and are in a
linear pattern along the Main Road. This is used for defense in the past put now are used for
Bangladesh, Dhaka is an overpopulated country. A case study done in 2016, found multiple
reason to why it is an overpopulated country. These reasons are the country is frequently
flooded by river floods by coastal floods which, have caused more than million deaths. The
country is the eighth largest population in the world and has a high population density. In
Bangladesh there are few natural resources and reliance on farming. Muslims have a very
high birth rate. 40% of the population is unemployed, meaning they have no jobs, and 31.5%
of the population live below the poverty line. In conclusion the reason for the country being
over-populated is having a lot of people however, not enough natural resources for an
overpopulated place.
Australia is an under populated country. A case study in 2016, found multiple reasons to
why it is an overpopulated country. These reasons for being an under populated country is
because, there is a low fertility rate, it is mostly land and has a lot of rich resources. They can
export their goods and by this they earn a lot of money. Other reasons are that the
population is under 23 million, and labor force is only 12.6 million. Australia has the highest
net migration rate (5.6 per 1000) in the world. Australia has service sector employs 75% of
Australians, and the unemployment rate is low (5.8%). The country has a natural population
increase of 1.5%.
Education served in Australia is high. The reason for this is because 59% of Australians are
literate, and educations is available for 20 years. The infant mortality rate is only 0.46%.
In conclusion, Australia is an under populated country due to low fertility rate and is rich in
resources with lots of land.
Niger, Niamey (capital) is a country with rapid population growth. A case study done in 2016,
found a lot of reason for the country resulting as a rapid population growth. These reasons
for are because it has the highest birth rate in the world, they have infant mortality and
reducing death rate. It has the highest total fertility rate. Food production cannot keep up
with the total population. The country is on the poverty line (45%) and has a larger young
population. Another problem is that this country has deforestation. This results to low
housing, and not enough food to feed the population.
In Niger the women lack of education, marriage is common by 60% which means involving
children under 16, and 80% of the population is Muslim. This means that they have a high
birth rate, similar to Bangladesh.
The health care in the country is not good. The reason for this is because 90% of the
population lack of proper sanitation, and 50% lack safe drinking water. Although the 50% is a
rural population.
France is a pro-natalist country. The country's population growth is too slow. The problems
such as, an ageing population, a decrease in supply labour, this means that there were too
fewer workers in the work force. Another reason for France placing a pro-natalist policy is
because of, paying taxes, reducing economic growth, and increasing poverty. In order to
encourage France to have more children, people in France were allowed to have 3 children
per couple. The reason they thought this is because, the more children you have the less
, taxes you have to pay, women stay off the work force for their third baby's first year, they
get to stay home for 36 months to take care of the child, there is childcare enforced for
children under the age of three, and lastly, there is free schooling for children aged over
three.
China was a one-child population country. In the 1960s the birth rate was seen as
unsustainable (48/1000). China did not have enough food, water, and the energy to provide
a rapid population. Therefore in 1979, the government enforced a one-child policy. The
positive impacts based on the policy is that it reduced the fertility rate from 3 births in 1980
to 1.5 in 2011. This meant that is was below the needed number of children to keep the
population stable. Within the policy China managed to reduce the issue based on
overpopulated regions. This meant there was less pressure on social services, housing, and
less danger of epidemics spreading. However, although the policy brought positive impacts,
it also brought negative impacts. Those are: social and economic impacts. Some results to
the policy were having more males rather than females. Females sent to orphanages, seeing
a rise of female fetus abortions, and increases in infanticide of baby girls. In economy the
impacts were that the population is ageing rapidly, and people of old age need to be all
supported financially. This includes for expensive health care. It’s expected for China to have
more elderly than children, and for the future economy China won't have enough workers to
keep expanding the population, while supporting the growing number of non-workers in the
population.
Rural settlement in an LEDC: the Tsoelike valley, Lesotho
Near the Sengu River there is a disperse pattern. There is also a nucleated pattern near the
A4 road which is the east side. In addition, a linear pattern is shown on the western side
between the A4 road and Tseolike River. Some advantages of a nucleated settlement are the
now a days, it is easier and less expensive to provide useful services. Rural craft industries
such as, weaving and basket making, are also more easily organized in nucleated
settlements. However, in the past nucleated settlements were benefited the settlement was
for defense purposes. The main activity in the highest land is only grazing because the
settlement in these areas are cattle parts, which inhabited only in summer. Another reason
is because of the shortage of the flat land is a problem for the settlement. In addition, it is
not warm enough to grow crops. Most settlements in Tsoelike valley are below 2250 meters
is because, it is warm enough to cultivate crops and to do some agriculture. Most
settlements are on the north facing slopes because, more sunlight is received more than the
south-facing slopes, this also make cultivation easier. The valley floor is avoided due to the
fact it is haggy (too wet and muddy to be easily walked on), poorly drained and prone to
flooding. Some social problems this area face is that the growing population has increased
the pressure on the available land (land tenure system), lack of employment and, in other
countries, many young people no longer want to work in agriculture which led to labour
shortage because people are leaving to work in mining. Services are located in the nearest
town, Qacha's wek which is 15 kilometers away. Masen provides once daily has services and
has an international airport and the national government.
Rural settlement in an MEDC: Rio Poqueira a Valley, Granada Province Spain
The different villages are nucleated however, they are separated in general, and are in a
linear pattern along the Main Road. This is used for defense in the past put now are used for
