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D1 CBE MidtermWhat is Hypertension and how is it classified? What medications are used to treat this condition? What is the UAB policy for treating hypertension patients? - correct answer Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other parts of the body. Hypertension, also called high blood pressure, is blood pressure that is higher than normal. Normal blood pressure is <120/80 mmHg. The higher your blood pressure levels, the more risk you have for other health problems, such as heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Systolic pressure is pressure during the beat or during contraction of the ventricles. --> heart contracts Diastolic pressure is the pressure during the pause between beats or once the aortic valve closes. --> heart at rest BP Classification: Normal = less than 120 AND less than 80 Elevated = 120-129 AND less than 80 Stage 1 Hypertension = 130-139 OR 80-89 (need lifestyle change and bp medication) Stage 2 Hypertension = > 140 OR > 90 (need lifestyle change and a combination of bp medication) Hypertensive crisis = higher than 180 AND/OR 120 (requires medical attention, call 911) Medications: Monotherapy- initial hypertension therapy using a single drug Combination therapy- if monotherapy is inadequate, an additional drug with different mechanisms of action is used in combo with the first Medications can be: 1. Alpha adrenergic blocks -reduce the arteries' resistance, relaxing the muscle tone of the vascular walls 2. Central alpha adrenergic agonists -help decrease the blood vessels' ability to tense up or contract 3. Direct vasodilators -cause the muscle in the walls of the blood vessels (especially the arterioles) to relax, allowing the vessel to dilate (widen). This allows blood to flow through better. 4. Beta adrenergic blockers -reduce the heart rate, the heart's workload and the heart's output of blood, which lowers blood pressure 5. Calcium channel blockers -prevents calcium from e