LMRT Core & Patient Care (2023/2024) 100% Pass

LMRT Core & Patient Care (2023/2024) 100% Pass Signal-To-Noise Ratio The ability to convert an electric signal into a useful image Edge Enhancement A process in which images can be made sharper and have better contrast Source or Reservoir of Infection Any place where pathogens can thrive in sufficient numbers to pose a threat Susceptible Host Patient whose natural resistance to infection is diminished Pathogen Microorganisms that cause disease What are the standard precautions for patient care? (3) 1) Hand Washing 2) Wearing protective wear (gloves, masks, aprons, eye protection) 3) Placing needles in sharps container( do not break bend or recap needles) Vehicle Any medium that transports microorganisms Surgical Asepsis The complete removal of all organisms & their spores from equipment Medical Asepsis The process of reducing the probability of infectious organisms being transmitted to an individual Patients Information Patients have right to their information including billing, medical and radiographic records Confidentiality HIPPA protect patients and their rights What are the Target Materials? Molybnum & Tungsten Invasion of Privacy When a persons confidential information is not maintained or when a person has been improperly exposed or touched Bit Depth A measurement of how many colors are in an image What are the Sources of Electrons? A Filament & Tungsten Wire Gray Scale Recorded intensity in different shades of brightness LUT A histogram of the luminance values taken during image acquisition Patient Privacy Patients modesty will be respected & every effort will be made to protect the patients dignity Rescaling or Automatic Rescaling Pixel values are adjusted to produce an image Histogram A graphic representation of digitally recorded signals of an image Fixing Agent Ammonium Thiosulfate Developer Agents Phenidone & Hydroquinone Spatial Resolution Sharpness and structures recorded in the image Smoothing Filtering pixel values to reduce noise Values of Interest (VOI) Image values in the region of interest Dynamic Range A response to determine different levels of radiation Informed Consent (7) 1) Pt must receive full explanation of procedure risks and benefits 2) Pt must be competent to sign form 3) Only parents or legal guardians may sign for minors or mentally ill patients 4) Forms must be completed before signing 5) Only physician on for can perform procedure 6) Any condition stated on form must be met 7) Pt can revoke consent at any time What are the 5 stages of dealing w/ loss of a patient? 1) Denial 2) Anger 3) Bargaining 4) Depression 5) Acceptance Respondeat Superior A legal document that hold employers responsible for the Negligent acts of their employees Assault The threat of touching in an injurious way Battery Consists of touching a person w/out consent False Imprisonment Holding a person against their will Libel Written false information that can hurt someone's reputation Slander Verbal False information that can hurt someone's reputation Nonverbal Communication 1) Make good eye contact 2) Send a positive vibe through touch weather its a hand shake or a pat on the back Air Kerma or Roentgen Radiation in Air Gray or RAD Divided between radiation in air and radiation in tissue Sievert or REM Radiation in Man What type of environment is best kept for film storage? A cool and dry place with a temp of 50-70 degrees How does Plate Erasure Work? A florescent light source quickly erases the cassette What are the CR Reader Components? Optical, Mechanical and Computer Module What is the Operating Console? Located in the control booth, and is the access point where you set your exposure factors and initiate exposure Pediatric Techniques Pediatric tissue is more sensitive to radiation than adult tissue Matrix A series of thousands of very small boxes or squares that create an image Pixel An individual square in the matrix Quantum Mottle Grainy or Spotted Image Thermionic Emission When so many electrons are created around the filament it created an electron cloud Characteristic Radiation When an electron knocks an atom out of orbit. Incoming electron and k-shell electron are removed leaving the space in the k-shell to be filled by another atom from the other orbits Bremsstrahlung Radiation When an electron gets to close to the nucleus, the nucleus is so strong it stops the electron in its tracks & turns it to a different direction Remnant Radiation Radiation that leave the patient & hits the IR Primary Radiation Radiation that leaves the glass housing & hits the patient Frequency The number of times a crest has passes its given point Wavelength The distance from one crest to the next Induction Motor An electromagnetic motor used to rotate the anode through electromagnetic induction Manuel Exposure Controls mA, kVp & exposure time 3 types of generators Single-Phase Generator Three-Phase Generator High-Frequency Generator Out of the 3 types of generators, which one is needed for x-ray production? High-Frequency Generator Transformer A device used to produce high voltage needed for x-ray production Rectification ensures that the current is flowing in the right direction How does a Photo-Stimulable Phosphor (PSP) work? It stores the image in the cassette until it is processed The light field and the radiation field must be within how much percent of the SID 2% What is the standard limit for the CR beam alignment? the tube must be within 1 degree perpendicular What does Quantity Control? mAs What does Quality Control? kVp What does the Inverse Square Law state? Intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance (formula: Intensity 1 over Intensity 2 SID 2 squared over SID 1 squared) Deceleration of Electrons when the electrons hit the anode heel effect & shot down the glass housing. creating photons Acceleration of Electrons When the electrons are being pulled towards the target Display Monitor Quality Assurance ARC suggest the monitor be checked for quality at daily, monthly & quarterly time frames What affects film storage? Heat, Humidity and Radiation What are the Beam Restriction devices? Field size & collimation Artifacts (7) 1) Quantum Mottle- Grainy appearance 2) Moiré Patterns- Grid & laser are not lined up right 3) Light Spots- Dust or foreign material 4) Phantom or Ghost Images- Incomplete erasure 5) Scratches or Tears- Damage to CR plates 6) Extraneous Line Patterns- Noise in the reader 7) Fogging- Scatter Radiation Res Ispa Loquitur A legal document applied when negligence & loss are so apparent & obvious to anyone Caliper Measurement A tool used to measure body part Shields Gowns, Gloves & Thyroid Shields Anatomically Programmed Radiography (APR) A system that stores the technique chart into the computers memory Fundamental Properties of X-rays Travel in straight lines ionize matter cannot be seen or felt travels at the speed of light What is the Direct Conversion process? Converts x-ray energy into an electric signal w/out light What is the Indirect Conversion Process? X-ray energy is converted into light and then into and electric signal Density Overall Blackness Contrast Difference in Density of the film What are the most common sterile techniques? Chemical, Gas & Steam Techniques Direct Contact Touched by an infected person skin to skin Droplet Contamination occurs when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, speaks or sings in front of a host Airborne Contamination spread by dust containing endospores or droplet nuclei Electronic Masking Suppression of image signal frequencies in order to enhance large structures What would you come in contact with when you need to use standard precautions? (5) Blood, Body Fluids or wound drainage, secretions or excretions, non-intact skin & mucous membranes Cycle of Infection Pathogenic Organism Reservoir of Infection Means of Transportation Susceptible Host Vectors An Arthropod (insect) in whose body an infectious organisms develops or multiplies Fomite An object that has come in contact with a pathogenic organism What are the 6 main routes of transmission? Direct Contact Fomites Vectors Vehicles Airborne Contamination Droplet Contamination Variable KVP Chart Higher image contrast which provides greater detail Fixed KVP Chart Exposures will have more wider range of densities (latitude) for exposure error Who invented X-rays? Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen When were X-Rays Invented? November 8, 1895 What is the world's oldest and largest professional radiologic organization who provides continuing educatuon and published the code of ethics? American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) Who establishes standards & examinatins necessary to certify radiologic technologists? American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) What is the abbriviation for RT (R)? Registered Technologists (Radiography) What national organization formally conducts the accredidation of schools of radiologic technology? Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)