GED TEST SOCIAL STUDIES TEST 34 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

GED TEST SOCIAL STUDIES TEST 34 Questions with Verified Answers Which of the following is generally unique to presidential democracy? a. Citizens participate in voting. b. The executive power is separate from the legislature. c. The executive power is a part of the legislature. d. The head of state is not directly elected by the people. - CORRECT ANSWER Choice b is correct. In presidential democracy, the president is separate from the legislature. Choice a is incorrect. Both in presidential and in parliamentary democracy, the people participate in voting. Choice c is incorrect. In parliamentary democracy, not presidential, the executive power, usually called the prime minister, is a member of parliament or the legislature. Choice d is incorrect. In parliamentary democracy, the parliament or legislature elects the president; this answer is incorrect because that is an attribute of parliamentary, not presidential, democracy. Which specifc type of democracy is the United States? a. direct democracy b. representative democracy c. parliamentary democracy d. presidential democracy - CORRECT ANSWER 2. Choice d is correct. In the United States, citizens elect representatives and vote to elect the president. In addition, the presidential powers are separate from legislative powers. These are all hallmarks of presidential democracy. Choice a is incorrect. This answer neglects the fact that U.S. citizens elect offcials to represent them in the legislature. Choice b is incorrect. Although this is technically true, as one can see on the graph, it is not the most specifc answer available. Choice c is incorrect. This answer is incorrect because it shows the reader does not understand the difference between parliamentary and presidential democracy, and how the United States fts the latter description. Using the chart, what can you infer about representative democracy? a. Each individual's choices are not represented when lawmakers make decisions. b. Every citizen's vote on laws is represented when lawmakers make decisions. c. The president or prime minister writes the laws. d. It is the same as direct democracy - CORRECT ANSWER 3. Choice a is correct. In this type of democracy, people elect representatives who then make decisions on their behalf. People do not each get a vote on legislature. Choice b is incorrect. In this type of democracy, people elect representatives who then make the laws. In direct democracy, each individual's vote is represented. Choice c is incorrect. There is no evidence in this chart to support that conclusion; neither a president nor a prime minister's role is outlined here. Choice d is incorrect. Direct democracy and representative democracy are two separate branches. What are the branches of government? a. the House of Representatives and the Senate b. the House of Representatives, the Senate, and the Supreme Court c. the president and the vice president d. the legislative, the executive, and the judicial - CORRECT ANSWER 4. Choice d is correct. This refects the three branches of the U.S. government. Choice a is incorrect. This choice shows the reader does not comprehend the graphic and lacks basic understanding of the U.S. government. Choice b is incorrect. This choice shows a misinterpretation of the graphic. Choice c is incorrect. This choice shows a misreading of the graphic. 5. The ________________ branch interprets and applies the law. - CORRECT ANSWER 5. The correct answer is judicial. The judicial branch interprets and applies the law. This is the power of the judicial branch as listed in the Constitution. The Supreme Court reviews the laws through the lens of different cases and decides how the law should be understood and used. The legislative branch is responsible for writing the laws, and the executive branch is responsible for implementing and enforcing the laws written by the legislature. The following excerpt was spoken by Sojourner Truth. Please use it to answer questions 6 and 7. "That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?" Sojourner Truth is making the case for (...) a. women's rights. b. the abolition of slavery. c. the opportunity to work. d. special treatment for women. - CORRECT ANSWER 6. Choice a is correct. By repeating the phrase "Ain't I a woman," Sojourner Truth makes it clear that all women have basic human rights. Choice b is incorrect. While she was a former slave and mentions slavery in her speech, it is not the main focus of her speech. Choice c is incorrect. Truth states that she worked hard, but that is not the main point of her speech. Choice d is incorrect. By describing her own tough life, she speaks out against special treatment and in favor of equal rights. The following excerpt was spoken by Sojourner Truth. Please use it to answer questions 6 and 7. "That man over there says that women need to be helped into carriages, and lifted over ditches, and to have the best place everywhere. Nobody ever helps me into carriages, or over mud-puddles, or gives me any best place! And ain't I a woman? Look at me! Look at my arm! I have ploughed and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man could head me! And ain't I a woman? I could work as much and eat as much as a man—when I could get it—and bear the lash as well! And ain't I a woman? I have borne thirteen children, and seen most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother's grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain't I a woman?" The most important source of Sojourner Truth's credibility was a. her physical toughness. b. her personal beauty and charm. c. her moral strength. d. her eloquent use of language. - CORRECT ANSWER 7. Choice c is correct. The directness and power of her language emphasize her moral strength. Her physical strength can be seen as a metaphor for her moral strength. Choice a is incorrect. Her physical toughness alone is only part of her credibility. Choice b is incorrect. Truth makes the point that she is not a dainty creature of privilege, and therefore beauty and charm would not form part of her powers of persuasion. Choice d is incorrect. Her eloquent and direct use of language may be persuasive and helps to clarify her moral character, but it is her character itself that is the ultimate source of her credibility. Please use the following passage to answer questions 8 and 9. "When the Spanish Conquistadors came to the Americas in the sixteenth century and destroyed Native American civilizations, one of the greatest civilizations, the Classical Maya, had already disappeared. The archeological evidence shows that a relatively peaceful civilization became more violent with the conquest of Tikal, the greatest Mayan city, in 378 by the mysterious warrior Fire Is Born. Even though Tikal was rebuilt and remained one of the dominant Mayan city-states for hundreds of years, it and the other Mayan cities fell into disrepair and were eventually abandoned. Researchers have worked for years to identify the causes for this collapse. According to the National Geographic article "The Maya: Glory and Ruin," by Guy Gugliotta, Scholars have looked at various afflictions across the Mayan world, including overpopulation, environmental damage, fam - CORRECT ANSWER 8. Choice b is correct. Loss of confdence of the people in the system was the most important cause of the collapse of the Classical Mayan civilization. Choice a is incorrect. The conquest of Tikal in 378 by Fire Is Born was a key step in the collapse of the Mayan system, but it was only one part of a loss of confdence that spanned hundreds of years. Choice c is incorrect. Ritualized warfare was an important part of their stable religious system. Choice d is incorrect. The invasion of the Conquistadors happened hundreds of years later. Please use the following passage to answer questions 8 and 9. "When the Spanish Conquistadors came to the Americas in the sixteenth century and destroyed Native American civilizations, one of the greatest civilizations, the Classical Maya, had already disappeared. The archeological evidence shows that a relatively peaceful civilization became more violent with the conquest of Tikal, the greatest Mayan city, in 378 by the mysterious warrior Fire Is Born. Even though Tikal was rebuilt and remained one of the dominant Mayan city-states for hundreds of years, it and the other Mayan cities fell into disrepair and were eventually abandoned. Researchers have worked for years to identify the causes for this collapse. According to the National Geographic article "The Maya: Glory and Ruin," by Guy Gugliotta, Scholars have looked at various afflictions across the Mayan world, including overpopulation, environmental damage, fam - CORRECT ANSWER 9. The correct answer is kuhul ajaw. The kuhul ajaw was a Mayan ruler. While the passage does not state this directly, it makes clear that the kuhul ajaw was the head of the society by what follows the phrase"kuhul ajaw"— "their divine luster . . . the confdence of their subjects." Please use the following lyrics to answer questions 10 and 11. "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier" (1915) Lyrics by Al Bryan, music by Al Piantadosi I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy. Who dares to place a musket on his shoulder To shoot some other mother's darling boy? Let nations arbitrate their future troubles, It's time to lay the sword and gun away; There'd be no war today if mothers would all say, "I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier." - "Over There" (1917) Music and Lyrics by George Cohan Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun. Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Hear them calling you and me, every son of liberty; Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad Tell your sweetheart not to pine; to be proud her boy's in line. 10. These two popular American songs deal with the position of the United States at - CORRECT ANSWER 10. Choice d is correct. The two songs take opposing views as to the value of enlisting and fighting in World War I. Choice a is incorrect. It is supported by "Over There" but not by "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier." Choice b is incorrect. It is supported by "Over There" but not by "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier." Choice c is incorrect. It is proposed by Al Bryan but rejected by George Cohan. Please use the following lyrics to answer questions 10 and 11. "I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier" (1915) Lyrics by Al Bryan, music by Al Piantadosi I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier, I brought him up to be my pride and joy. Who dares to place a musket on his shoulder To shoot some other mother's darling boy? Let nations arbitrate their future troubles, It's time to lay the sword and gun away; There'd be no war today if mothers would all say, "I didn't raise my boy to be a soldier." - "Over There" (1917) Music and Lyrics by George Cohan Johnnie get your gun, get your gun, get your gun. Take it on the run, on the run, on the run. Hear them calling you and me, every son of liberty; Hurry right away, no delay, go today. Make your daddy glad to have had such a lad Tell your sweetheart not to pine; to be proud her boy's in line. 11. Which propaganda technique is being used in "Over There"? a. testimonial b. nam - CORRECT ANSWER Choice c is correct. This technique entices the audience to follow the crowd by appealing to groups held together already by commonality of nationality, religion, race, and so forth. Bandwagon propaganda is a common technique used in wartime. Choice a is incorrect. A testimonial typically uses a celebrity in an attempt to have us agree with an idea, such as in a celebrity endorsement. This is not the case in "Over There." Choice b is incorrect. The name-calling propaganda technique connects a person, or idea, to a negative word or symbol in an effort to get the audience to reject the person or the idea. This is not the case in "Over There." Choice d is incorrect. Fear as a propaganda technique focuses on the negative outcomes if the desired course of action is not followed. This is not the case in "Over There." Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 12-14: This excerpt is from the Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath - CORRECT ANSWER 12. Choice b is correct. This sentence correctly sums up the passage, whose main theme is the right of the United States to break away from an unfair government. Choice a is incorrect. This is a reason that the United States' founding fathers are using to justify the document and its ideals, but it is not the main idea. Choice c is incorrect. Although this is a sentence justifying the theme, it does not represent the main idea. Choice d is incorrect. This sentence is only a transition sentence that introduces the facts. Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 12-14: This excerpt is from the Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath - CORRECT ANSWER 13. Choice a is correct. The Declaration of Independence reads like a logical treatise. There is nothing in the excerpt that appeals to the reader's emotions, religious beliefs, or partisan feelings. Choice b is incorrect. There is nothing in the excerpt that appeals to the reader's emotions. Choice c is incorrect. There is nothing in the excerpt that appeals to the reader's religious beliefs. Choice d is incorrect. There is nothing in the excerpt that appeals to the reader's partisan feelings. Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 12-14: This excerpt is from the Declaration of Independence. "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.—That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath - CORRECT ANSWER 14. Choice b is correct. John Locke's "state of perfect freedom" and the Declaration of Independence's "unalienable Rights" are similar concepts. John Locke's focus was that all men, through nature, are given this state of freedom, and the Declaration agreed that all men have rights that are not dictated by any other man. Choice a is incorrect. John Locke, while influencing the Declaration of Independence, was more focused on man as an independent person without reliance on others, while the Declaration of Independence stated that government should protect any freedoms men could want. These ideas are not similar. Choice c is incorrect. John Locke's ideas regarding political power are not fully addressed in this excerpt. These ideas may be similar, but are not the best choice. Choice d is incorrect. John Locke did not write about "the consent of the governed," and the Declaration of Independence did not mention the disposing of possessions or persons. These ideas have been reversed, so this is not the best choice. 15. The following is an excerpt from an executive order issued by a president of the United States. "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom." Who was the author of this executive order? a. George Washington b. Abraham Lincoln c. Thomas Jefferson d. James Madison - CORRECT ANSWER 15. Choice b is correct. Lincoln is known for writing the Emancipation Proclamation, of which this is an excerpt, which freed all persons held as slaves. Choice a is incorrect. This excerpt is dated "one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three," long after Washington's death. Choice c is incorrect. This excerpt was written after Jefferson's death. Choice d is incorrect. This choice neglects the evidence of time and content. Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 16-18. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).: Legislation is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to abolish distinctions based upon physical differences. The following is an excerpt from the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954): To separate [children in grade and high schools] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may af - CORRECT ANSWER 16. Choice a is correct. The Brown decision overturned the Plessy decision, thus demonstrating that the U.S. Supreme Court occasionally changes its mind. Choice b is incorrect. The Brown decision did overturn the Plessy decision, but, in doing so, it declared segregation to be unconstitutional. Choice c is incorrect. The Plessy decision held that laws could not eliminate racial instincts, but this does not make it a reasonable conclusion; indeed, Brown's authors completely disagreed. Choice d is incorrect. Both decisions were based on the Fourteenth Amendment. Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 16-18. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).: Legislation is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to abolish distinctions based upon physical differences. The following is an excerpt from the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954): To separate [children in grade and high schools] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may af - CORRECT ANSWER Choice d is correct. The Fourteenth Amendment protects the rights of Americans regardless of their race, which was the main issue in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. However, the Supreme Court decided that "separate but equal" facilities offered to people of different races did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. This viewpoint would stand as law until 1954 when the case Brown v. Board of Education essentially reversed this ruling. Choice a is incorrect. The First Amendment deals with free speech and freedom of the press, which is not necessarily relevant in this case. Choice b is incorrect. The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial. This issue was not central to the arguments presented in Plessy v. Ferguson. Choice c is incorrect. The Thirteenth Amendment outlawed slavery. Issues of slavery were not central to the arguments presented in Plessy v. Ferguson. Please use the following excerpts to answer questions 16-18. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).: Legislation is powerless to eradicate racial instincts or to abolish distinctions based upon physical differences. The following is an excerpt from the First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The following is an excerpt from the United States Supreme Court decision of Brown v. Board of Education (1954): To separate [children in grade and high schools] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may af - CORRECT ANSWER 18. Choice d is correct. Although this was indeed a sign of the changing times in America, it did not infuence the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Choice a is incorrect. The Supreme Court's decision was, in fact, infuenced by "The Race Question," a scholarly statement published by UNESCO in 1950. Choice b is incorrect. The Supreme Court's decision was, in fact, infuenced by "An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy," a 1,500-page study of race relations published in 1944. Choice c is incorrect. The Supreme Court's decision was, in fact, infuenced by a study that found contrasts between children who attended segregated schools in Washington, D.C., and those in integrated schools in New York. 19. Which of the following can you infer from this cartoon? (A very large pig that has a money sign on its side crushing a man that has a paper in his hand labeled 'political freedom'. a. Economic freedoms are the same as political freedoms. b. The economy has no effect on political freedoms in the United States. c. Political freedoms can be hindered by the economy. d. Race remains a key factor in the economic opportunities available to Americans. - CORRECT ANSWER 19. Choice c is correct. This answer shows that the reader comprehends that the person in the cartoon cannot reach "political freedom" because he is being sat on by a piggy bank, a visual symbol of the economy. Choice a is incorrect. There is no evidence or graphic representation in the cartoon that suggests the two are the same. Choice b is incorrect. It neglects the visual representation of money, as symbolized by the piggy bank, as restricting the person from grabbing "political freedom." Choice d is incorrect. The cartoon does not emphasize race as a component that can restrict economic opportunities or political freedoms. Please use the following passage and painting to answer questions 20 and 21. The following is an excerpt from "On Indian Removal," by President Andrew Jackson (1830). "What good man would prefer a country covered with forests, and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization and religion? . . . The tribes which occupied the countries not constituting the Eastern States were annihilated or have melted away to make room for the whites. The waves of population and civilization are rolling to the westward, and we now propose to acquire the countries occupied by the red men of the South and West by a fair exchange, and, at the expense of the United States, to send them to - CORRECT ANSWER 20. Choice d is correct. By dressing this allegorical figure of American Progress in classical robes as though she were from Greek or Roman times, the painter is suggesting that the United States' displacement of native people is as important to civilization as the creation of democracy and republic in ancient times. This is propaganda. Choice a is incorrect. The painting does show this progression of transportation, but this would be seen more as illustrating the industry of the time rather than as propaganda. Choice b is incorrect. The United States did actually set aside land for displaced Indian tribes, but this is fact rather than propaganda. Choice c is incorrect. The population of the United States was actually expanding westward, but this is fact rather than propaganda. Please use the following passage and painting to answer questions 20 and 21. The following is an excerpt from "On Indian Removal," by President Andrew Jackson (1830). "What good man would prefer a country covered with forests, and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive Republic, studded with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements which art can devise or industry execute, occupied by more than 12,000,000 happy people, and filled with all the blessings of liberty, civilization and religion? . . . The tribes which occupied the countries not constituting the Eastern States were annihilated or have melted away to make room for the whites. The waves of population and civilization are rolling to the westward, and we now propose to acquire the countries occupied by the red men of the South and West by a fair exchange, and, at the expense of the United States, to send them to - CORRECT ANSWER 21. Choice a is correct. American Indians are considered citizens, so in today's society, forcibly removing them would be seen as an infringement on the rights of individuals. Choice b is incorrect. Although much of where American Indians have lived has become farmland, this would not be seen as a valid reason to move citizens. Choice c is incorrect. Since American Indians are considered citizens, removing them would not be a removal of foreign people. Choice d is incorrect. Although this could be seen as infringing on the rights of the state, this is not the best choice. Please use the following excerpts to answer question 22. The following excerpt is from the Majority Decision of Marbury v. Madison (1803). "It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department [the judicial branch] to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity, expound and interpret that rule. If two laws conflict with each other, the Courts must decide on the operation of each. So, if a law [e.g., a statute or treaty] be in opposition to the Constitution, if both the law and the Constitution apply to a particular case, so that the Court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the Constitution, or conformably to the Constitution, disregarding the law, the Court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty. If, then, the Courts are to regard the Constitution, and the - CORRECT ANSWER 22. Choice b is correct. By looking at both excerpts, we see that the judiciary branch, prior to Marbury v. Madison, was not ruling on whether a law set into place by the legislative and executive branches fell into agreement with the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson's letter shows that he is uncomfortable with the precedent of the judiciary branch having the fnal say over the creation of laws by the legislative and the executive, which means that this was not the case previously. Choice a is incorrect. Thomas Jefferson does not support the judiciary branch maintaining the Constitution, as he uses the word "despotic" to describe what he fears it will become. Choice c is incorrect. This is only stated in the letter from Thomas Jefferson and is not referred to in the excerpt from Marbury v. Madison. Choice d is incorrect. This is only noted in the excerpt from Marbury v. Madison and is argued against within that ruling. Please use the following excerpts to answer question 23. The following excerpt is from Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book V, Chapter 2 (1776). "The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state. The expense of government to the individuals of a great nation is like the expense of management to the joint tenants of a great estate, who are all obliged to contribute in proportion to their respective interests in the estate." The following excerpt is from On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, by Henry David Thoreau (1849). "When a sixth of the population of a nation which has undertaken to be the refuge of liberty are slaves, and a whole country is unjustly overrun and conquered by a foreign army, and subjec - CORRECT ANSWER 23. Choice d is correct. Since Adam Smith notes that all men ought to contribute via taxation to the government, it seems likely that he would disagree with Henry David Thoreau's notion that not paying taxes is a good way to disagree with government activities. Choice a is incorrect. This is not something that it appears Adam Smith and Henry David Thoreau would agree on. Adam Smith notes that the government should be paid for the protections that each individual enjoys. This would suggest that Smith believes government should use those taxes for citizen protection, which might include military action. Thoreau, on the other hand, is against the use of tax money for military action, especially since he was protesting the Mexican-American war during this time. Choices b and c are incorrect. Adam Smith does not refer to either concept. 27. What is the exclusive control of the supply of a commodity called? a. market power b. price discrimination c. monopoly d. effciency - CORRECT ANSWER Choice c is correct. This is the correct word for that defnition. Choice a is incorrect. This phrase indicates how a company can raise the market price of a good or service over its marginal costs in a proftable way. Choice b is incorrect. This is a phrase used to describe the sales of identical goods and services at different prices from the same company. Choice d is incorrect. This word means how well effort or cost is used. One of the earliest political parties in the United States was the Federalist Party. Its decline is best explained by: A. the enmity of wealthy Americans. B. a failure to organize state political parties. C. its opposition to the War of 1812. D. its advocacy of a strong central government. - CORRECT ANSWER C Which statement best describes the significance of the Mayflower Compact on colonial America? A. It provided the Pilgrims the first written basis for laws in the New World. B. It declared that the colonists were independent from King James. C. It served as a blueprint for the later Bill of Rights. D. established Puritanism as the official religion for Puritan colonies. - CORRECT ANSWER A What Was the Purpose of the Navigation Acts Forced on the Colonists? A. To Benefit Great Britain B. To Restrict the Colonists to Only British Products C. To forbid Sailing D. A and B - CORRECT ANSWER D The following three statements were true for a small country in a recent year: 1. Total income for the population: 24 billion U.S. dollars 2. Per capita income: 7,000 U.S. dollars 3. 90% of the total income was received by 5% of the population Which of the following conclusions about incomes in the country is best supported by these statements? A. The total income is evenly distributed among the population. B. 95% of the population have relatively low incomes. C. 25% of the population have relatively high incomes. D. 5% of the population have incomes less than $7,000. - CORRECT ANSWER B The United States Economy in the 1930s and 1940s During the administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, poverty was widespread. The Great Depression had dealt a severe blow to the economic well-being of the nation. For example, the gross national product (GNP), the total value of all goods and services produced in a year, had dropped from $103 billion in Line 5 1929 to $55 billion in 1933. Full recovery from this depression did not come until the Second World War, when United States industry went into high gear, producing war materials. To enable the Allied armies to win the war in both Europe and the Pacific, technological miracles were achieved. Employment rose as factories worked around the clock. High wages and government-controlled prices helped create a tremendous growth in family incomes. Because of the emphasis on production of heavy goods and machinery, much of the money people earned went - CORRECT ANSWER D The United States Economy in the 1930s and 1940s During the administrations of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, poverty was widespread. The Great Depression had dealt a severe blow to the economic well-being of the nation. For example, the gross national product (GNP), the total value of all goods and services produced in a year, had dropped from $103 billion in Line 5 1929 to $55 billion in 1933. Full recovery from this depression did not come until the Second World War, when United States industry went into high gear, producing war materials. To enable the Allied armies to win the war in both Europe and the Pacific, technological miracles were achieved. Employment rose as factories worked around the clock. High wages and government-controlled prices helped create a tremendous growth in family incomes. Because of the emphasis on production of heavy goods and machinery, much of the money people earned went - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following are examples of the United States constitutional process of checks and balances? I. The president vetoes an act of Congress II. The US Senate Rejects a presidential appointment III. The US Supreme Court declares an act of congress to be unconstitutional A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II, and III - CORRECT ANSWER D Testimonial Creates the impression that well-known people would support your point of view. • Plain Folks Creates the impression that common, ordinary people would support your point of view. • Fear Appeal Creates the impression that negative consequences would occur if your point of view was not supported. • Success Appeal Creates the impression that the quality of people's lives would be improved if your point of view was supported. At a school board meeting, residents of the school district were debating whether a new technology laboratory for the high school should be constructed. The statements made by three speakers follow. For each speaker, decide which of the propaganda techniques is most clearly being used "We all know that companies want to hire well-trained people. The new lab will enable our graduates to qualify for jobs with the new technology companies in our state." A. Testimonial B. Plain folks - CORRECT ANSWER D Between 1880 and 1990, the center of population shifted less than 200 miles. Which of the following could explain the slow rate of movement? A. During this time period, there was very little population growth. B. During this time period, the borders of the United States changed very little. C. During this time period, just as many people moved from the East to the West as moved from the West to the East. D. During this time period, population growth was relatively similar throughout the country. - CORRECT ANSWER D Which of the following pieces of information best indicates what time period was being discussed? A. Family get-togethers were popular pastimes. B. Both horses and cars were being used for transportation. C. People were unhappy with the president. D. The president was promising greater prosperity. - CORRECT ANSWER B