Building DNA Gizmo Questions and Answers Graded A

Building DNA Gizmo Questions and Answers Graded A What does a DNA molecule look like? twisted ladder What is the shape of a DNA molecule called? double helix A pentagonal sugar deoxiyribose Two parts of a nucleoside. Pentagonal sugar & nitrogen base When a nucleoside is joined to a phosphate nucleotide Nucleosides Phosphates What is the name of the strand on the left? Leading Strand What is the name of the strand on the right? Lagging Strand How many different nitrogen bases are there? four C cytosine A adenine G guanine T thymine What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule? phosphates and deoxyribose sugar What makes up the "rungs" of the ladder? pairs of nitrogenous bases What nitrogenous base pairs with Thymine? adenine What nitrogenous base pairs with Cytosine? Guanine A protein that facilitates certain cell processes. enzyme How does the protein "DNA helicase" facilitate a process in the DNA molecule? It splits the DNA molecule into two strands. How does the protein "DNA polymerase" facilitate a process in the DNA molecule? It helps move the nitrogenous base so it attaches to the correct base. What are the three parts of the nucleotides? deoxyribose sugar phosphate nitrogenous base After building a two DNA molecule in Activity B, what do you notice about the two molecules? The daughter molecules are identical. How did the two daughter molecules compare to the original? All three molecules are identical. Why is DNA replication such an important process? -essential for growth and reproduction -every cell has a complete copy of the organisms DNA -DNA must be copied to ensure that a complete set is passed on to their offspring. Errors that occur during DNA replication. mutations Consequences of mutations: -harmful, helpful, or neutral -They affect any trait controlled by genes.