WGU C214 Exam Questions & Answers 100% Correct

Corporate Finance - Answerfocuses on financial decision making by a firms management Investments - Answervarious types of financial instruments (stocks, bonds, etc) Banking or Financial Institutions - Answermake money by paying depositors a smaller interest rate than the interest rate charged to borrowers Treasury Securities - Answergenerally bonds that are issued by the US government Corporate Bonds - Answerfirms borrowing from the public Stocks - Answera share of ownership in a company Primary financial markets - Answermarkets where securities are first issued Syndicate - Answera group that is temporarily formed to handle a bond or stock issue: generally large investment bank or institutional investors Underwriter - Answerresponsible for determining the value of the security; may purchase all the securities & then resale to investors Competitive sale - Answerunderwriters submit bids offering highest price/lowest interest rate; underwriter resales a slightly higher price Negotiated sale - Answerunderwriters submit bids, go thru interview to be selected Secondary financial markets - Answerwhere securities are traded after the initial offering (stock market) Auction market - Answerhas a physical location & prices are determined by the highest price an investor is willing to pay (New York Stock Exchange) Dealer market - Answerno physical location- securities are bought & sold thru a network of dealers that trade for themselves; multi dealers per stock (NASDAQ) Role of financial markets - Answerthey reduce the cost of borrowing from the public or selling ownership to the public Role of Specialist (NYSE) or Dealers - Answerprovide liquidity for a fair & orderly market; may increase the spread to do so (charge a lower price to seller and a higher price to buyer) Financial market liquidity - Answerthe ease of trading in the market (high frquency traders) Market orders - Answertime sensitive; sales at current bid price/buys at current asking price when order is placed-immediately Limited orders - Answerprice sensitive; sell occurs when price of stock matches order price Role of price - Answerconvet information to consumers; affect incentives &affect the distribution of income Dollar Returns - AnswerPt - Pt-1 + CFt (Pt= sold price, Pt-1=bought price, CFt=cash flow-coupons for bonds/dividians for stocks) Percentage Returns - AnswerPt - Pt-1/Pt-1 + CFt/Pt-1 x 100 (1.2) (figure for dollar return and divide into bought price) Goal of company/firm - Answerto maximize shareholder value or maximize profit Agency costs - Answercosts that are incurred when management doesn't act in the best interests of shareholders Profit maximizarion - Answerthe potential effect of focusing soley on profits Accounting - Answeris backward-looking and risk free Finance - Answeris forward-looking and involes massive uncertainty Income Statement - Answershow results of operation over time; revenues - expenses = net income Balance Sheet - Answera "snap shot" of a firm's assests & financing at a paticular point in time; Assets= Liabilities + Owner's Equity Statement of Cash Flows - Answertracks all cash in and out of the firm Cash Accounting - Answercash in =revenue; cash out=expense Accrual Accounting - Answerrevenues are recognized when the earnings process is complete; expenses are "matched" to recongized revenues Cash-based income - Answeran informal metric based on cash in & cash out of the firm Income for tax purposes - Answerbased on the government's definition of income, this is the amount of income the government will tax Accounting income - Answerthe income calculated using accrual accounting (aka, GAAP); best & most complicated metric for understanding the operations of the firm On the Income statement - AnswerRevenues- Cost of goods sold= Gross profit - Operating expenses= earning before interest & taxes - interest expenses, - taxes= Net income Revenue - Answerrecognized when "earned" Cost of Goods Sold - Answerdirect costs of materials & labor Gross profit - Answerrevenue - cost of goods sold Operating Expenses - Answerexpenses not directly associated with production (office expenses, administrative expenses, depreciation, research & development) EBIT - AnswerEarnings before interest & tax; Gross profit - operating expenses (also known as operating income) Net Income on balance sheet - AnswerEBIT - interest - taxes Current Assets - Answercash marketable securities, A/R, inventory Fixed Assests - Answergross fixed assets- accumulated depreciation Current Liabilities - AnswerA/P, accruals, notes payable Equity - AnswerCommonstock, paid-in capital, retained earnings Accumulated depreciation - Answertotal of all depreciation claimed against the firms fixed assets Net PP&E - Answeroriginal cost (Gross PP&E) - accumulated depreciation Net Income (linking balance sheet & income statement) - Answerincome statement) dividends + change in retained earnings New Retained earnings - Answer0d retained earnings + change in retained earnings or old retained earnings + net income - dividends Gross PP&E - Answerorginal cost of property, plant & equipment Statement of Cash Flows - Answercash flow reveals the true health of a company; explains cash in & cash out from operations, investing & financing CFO + CFI + CFF = change in cash - beginning cash = end cash Operational - Answerdecisions on what/how/whom to sell & buy from Investing - Answerdecisions on purchasing & selling of long term assets Financing - Answerdecision on debt & equity, repayment of debts, repurchasing stock & payment of dividends Core activities - Answerfirm's core activities will impact the way cash flows are catagorized Cash flow management - Answersome managers will "manage" (increase/decrease) reporting of cash flows Market pressure - Answerpressures to manipulate cash flow categorization in the market place Differences in CFO & Net Income - Answer1. revenue is not the same as cash 2. gains/losses are only seen in net income 3. depreciation is only seen in net income Calculating CFO from balance sheet - AnswerNet income + non-cash expenses (depreciation) + decrease in operating asset accounts (other than cash) - increase in operating asset accounts (other than cash) + increase in operating liability accounts (other than notes payable) - decrease in operating liability accounts (other than notes payable Increase in assets (A/R, inventory) - Answerout flow of cash Increase in liabilities (A/P, accrued wage) - Answerincreases cash Calculating CFI - AnswerChange in Gross PP&E or change in Net PP&E + depreciation Dividends - Answer(Old RE + NI)- New RE Change in RE - AnswerNet income - dividends Calculating CFF - Answerchange in equity + change in debt - new RE Free Cash Flow (FCF) - Answerdistributable cash Free Cash Flow Firm (FCFF) - AnswerNet Operating Profit after taxes (NOPAT) + depreciation - capital expenditures on PP&E (CFI) - increases in Net working capital (current assets- current liability) Free Cash Flow Equity holders (FCFE) - AnswerNet income + depreciation - capital expenditures on PP&E (CFI) - increases in Net working capital (current assets- current liability) + increase in debt (new borrowings-repayment of old debt) Standardization - Answerto gain insight when comparing companies & finance Flexibility - Answerratio analysis is not governed by GAAP; best analysts achieve the greatest benefits Focus - Answerratios allow for quick discover of area that need investigation Liquidity - Answerability to meet short-tem obligations Current Ratio (liquidity) - AnswerCurrent assets/current liabilities higher ratio= likelyhood of ability to meet short term obligations Quick Ratio (liquidity) - AnswerCurrent assets - inventory/current liabilities higher ratio= greater ability to meet short term obligations Accounts Recievable Turnover (liquidity) - Answer(liquidity) Credit sales/AR ratio of 12= company collects entire AR 12 times per year Average Collection Period/ACP (liquidity) - Answer365/AR turnover # indicates the number of times per year receivables are turned Inventory Turnover (liquidity) - AnswerCOGS/Inventory # of times company turns it receivalbes in a year Days on Hand/DOH (liquidity) - Answer365/Inventory Turnover how many days of inventory the company has on hand Efficiency Ratios - Answermeasure how effectively a company uses assets to generate sales or profit Fixed Asset Turnover/FAT (efficiency) - AnswerSales/Fixed Assets sales generated per dollar of fixed assets Operating Income Return on Investment/OIROI (efficiency) - AnswerEBIT/Total Assets operating profit generated per dollar of assets Financing Ratios - Answerdescribes what proportions the firm uses equity and/or debt to finance assets Debt Ratio (financing) - AnswerTotal Liabilities/Total Assets measures the proportion of the firm's assets financed with debt Interest-Bearing Debt to Total Capital/IBDTC (financing) - AnswerInterest-Bearing debt/Interest-Bearing debt + owners' equity precise measure of a firm's finacial structure Times Interest Earned Ratio/TIE (financing) - Answer(financing) EBIT/Interest Expense how many times a company can pay interest expense given operating profit Financial Leverage Ratio/FLR (financing) - AnswerTotal Assets/Equity amount of debt financed with equity Profitability Ratios - Answerprofit from sales or investment Return on Assest/ROA (profit-investment) - AnswerNet Income/Total Assets earnings as a % of the capital invested Return of Equity/ROE (profit-investment) - Answerinvestment) Net Income/Owners' Equity earnings as a % of each dollar invested Gross Margin (profit-sales) - AnswerGross Profit/Sales % of revenue remaining after COGS Operating Margin (profit-sales) - AnswerEBIT/Sales