TEST BANK
Microbiology: An Evolving Science
Joan L. Slonczewski, and John W. Foster
4th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Microbial Life-Origin and Discovery 1
Chapter 02 Observing the Microbial Cell 17
Chapter 03 Cell Structure and Function 34
Chapter 04 Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development 50
Chapter 05 Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth 66
Chapter 06 Viruses 82
Chapter 07 Genomes and Chromosomes 98
Chapter 08 Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics 115
Chapter 09 Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution 133
Chapter 10 Molecular Regulation 153
Chapter 11 Viral Molecular Biology 172
Chapter 12 Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology 190
Chapter 13 Energetics and Catabolism 210
Chapter 14 Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy 231
Chapter 15 Biosynthesis 252
Chapter 16 Food and Industrial Microbiology 270
Chapter 17 Origins and Evolution 289
Chapter 18 Bacterial Diversity 309
Chapter 19 Archaeal Diversity 326
Chapter 20 Eukaryotic Diversity 341
Chapter 21 Microbial Ecology 360
Chapter 22 Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles 376
Chapter 23 Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity 393
Chapter 24 The Adaptive Immune Response 409
Chapter 25 Microbial Pathogenesis 427
Chapter 26 Microbial Diseases 445
Chapter 27 Antimicrobial Therapy 462
Chapter 28 Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology 480
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are
a. infectious agents that infect exclusively multicellular organisms.
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
particles.
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media.
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain.
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane–enclosed genomes.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1b List examples of microbes
MSC: Remembering
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types (i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
b. that prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell.
c. that bacteria share a common ancestor with archaea but not with eukarya.
d. that prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus.
e. that the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Understanding
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1c Describe some problems with the definition of a
microbe MSC: Understanding
4. A microbe is commonly defined as a that requires a microscope to be seen.
a. virus d. multicellular eukaryote
b. bacterium e. living organism
c. single-cellular prokaryote
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is FALSE?
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
environmental change.
b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
e. Viruses are not considered microbial cells.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Understanding
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
related they are.
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of
a. humans. d. prions.
b. bacteria. e. fungi.
c. viruses.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT
a. ferrous iron. d. oxygen.
b. methane. e. hydrogen gas.
c. ammonia.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
9. The development of the theory of the “RNA world” resulted from the discovery of
a. archaea. d. ribozymes.
b. prions. e. endosymbionts.
c. bacteria.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.6
OBJ: 1.6b Explain how studies on microbes fostered our knowledge of DNA function and enhanced
DNA technology MSC: Remembering
10. What is the evidence that living cells existed on Earth up to 3.8 billion years ago?
a. microfossils d. Martian folded rock formations
b. 16S ribosomal RNA e. diatom shells
c. Miller and Urey’s experiments
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.5a Explain why microbes can be challenging to classify taxonomically | 1.5b Outline how
microbial classification has changed over time MSC: Remembering
11. What did van Leeuwenhoek discover using microscopic observations before and after drinking hot
beverages?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
a. Heat did not kill microbes.
b. Heat killed microbes.
c. Heat did not kill algae.
d. Caffeine in coffee killed microbes.
e. The existence of spiral-shaped microbes.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology | 1.2c
Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek,
Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Analyzing
12. Tyndall’s spontaneous generation experiments occasionally failed due to
a. nutrient chirality. d. lack of oxygen.
b. dust. e. endospores.
c. fermentation.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2d Compare and contrast Spallanzani’s, Pasteur’s, and Tyndall’s experiments that tested
spontaneous generation MSC: Analyzing
13. The discovery of microbes occurred in the century?
a. seventeenth d. twentieth
b. eighteenth e. twenty-first
c. nineteenth
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology
MSC: Remembering
14. Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize for his contribution to medical bacteriology regarding
a. Escherichia coli. d. rabies.
b. Bacillus subtilis. e. smallpox.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b List Koch’s postulates
MSC: Remembering
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague
c. smallpox
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2a List both positive and negative impacts that microbes have had on human history
MSC: Understanding
16. Florence Nightingale
a. is best known as the founder of professional nursing.
b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique.
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War.
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
today as chemotherapy.
e. argued that the environment of early Earth contained mainly reduced compounds.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2a List both positive and negative impacts that microbes have had on human history | 1.2c
Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek,
Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
18. The first person to visualize individual microbial cells was
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. d. Lady Montagu.
b. Robert Hooke. e. Edward Jenner.
c. Louis Pasteur.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
19. Semmelweis and Lister noted that many of their patients’ deaths were due to
a. fungi. d. pathogen transmission by doctors.
b. Escherichia coli. e. Staphylococcus.
c. chlorine.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3a Describe what constitutes a pure culture and how to obtain one
MSC: Understanding
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
20. What is the standard sterilization method for the controlled study of microbes?
a. boiling d. autoclaving
b. pasteurization e. irradiation
c. filter sterilization
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
21. How does the Winogradsky column differ from Koch’s plate media?
a. Koch’s media creates a gradient from oxygen-rich conditions at the surface to highly
reduced conditions below.
b. The Winogradsky column is used for culturing viruses.
c. The Winogradsky column is used for growing extremophiles.
d. The Winogradsky column uses the kinds of nutrients that feed humans.
e. The bacteria that Winogradsky isolated can grow only on inorganic minerals.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.4
OBJ: 1.4a List Winogradsky’s contributions to microbial culture technique | 1.4b Define what
distinguishes lithotrophs from other organisms MSC: Understanding
22. Suppose Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy twenty-four hours after
boiling. Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting
spontaneous generation?
a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled.
b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth
cooled.
c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms.
d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling.
e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall | 1.2d Compare and contrast Spallanzani’s, Pasteur’s, and
Tyndall’s experiments that tested spontaneous generation MSC: Applying
23. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an extremophilic condition for bacteria?
a. high alkalinity d. high nutrients
b. high salinity e. high temperature
c. high acidity
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.4
OBJ: 1.4c Explain the role of microbes in geochemical cycling, especially that of nitrogen
MSC: Remembering
24. The use of agar as a more robust gelling agent in solid media was suggested by
a. Robert Koch. d. Louis Pasteur.
b. Ignaz Semmelweis. e. Richard Petri.
c. Angelina Hesse.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3a Describe what constitutes a pure culture and how to obtain one | 1.3c Assess some of the
practical obstacles in applying Koch’s postulates MSC: Remembering
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
25. It took the advent of the polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of the causative agent for
which disease?
a. anthrax d. rabies
b. tuberculosis e. smallpox
c. AIDS
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3c Assess some of the practical obstacles in applying Koch’s postulates | 1.3f Describe how
viruses were discovered MSC: Understanding
26. The word “vaccination” is derived from the Latin word vacca, which means
a. inject. d. cow.
b. smallpox. e. pustule.
c. immunize.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3d Recall the contributions of various individuals to the discovery and implementation of
vaccination | 1.3e Compare the roles of immunization, antiseptics, and antibiotics in human disease
treatment and prevention MSC: Remembering
27. What was the basis for the original smallpox vaccine?
a. chickenpox virus d. smallpox virus
b. cowpox virus e. anthrax
c. rabies virus
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3d Recall the contributions of various individuals to the discovery and implementation of
vaccination MSC: Remembering
28. Penicillin was first used to save the lives of many people during which war?
a. the U.S. Civil War d. World War I
b. the Korean War e. World War II
c. the Vietnam War
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3e Compare the roles of immunization, antiseptics, and antibiotics in human disease treatment
and prevention MSC: Remembering
29. How do many animal endosymbionts grow?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
Microbiology: An Evolving Science
Joan L. Slonczewski, and John W. Foster
4th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Microbial Life-Origin and Discovery 1
Chapter 02 Observing the Microbial Cell 17
Chapter 03 Cell Structure and Function 34
Chapter 04 Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development 50
Chapter 05 Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth 66
Chapter 06 Viruses 82
Chapter 07 Genomes and Chromosomes 98
Chapter 08 Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics 115
Chapter 09 Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution 133
Chapter 10 Molecular Regulation 153
Chapter 11 Viral Molecular Biology 172
Chapter 12 Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology 190
Chapter 13 Energetics and Catabolism 210
Chapter 14 Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy 231
Chapter 15 Biosynthesis 252
Chapter 16 Food and Industrial Microbiology 270
Chapter 17 Origins and Evolution 289
Chapter 18 Bacterial Diversity 309
Chapter 19 Archaeal Diversity 326
Chapter 20 Eukaryotic Diversity 341
Chapter 21 Microbial Ecology 360
Chapter 22 Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles 376
Chapter 23 Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity 393
Chapter 24 The Adaptive Immune Response 409
Chapter 25 Microbial Pathogenesis 427
Chapter 26 Microbial Diseases 445
Chapter 27 Antimicrobial Therapy 462
Chapter 28 Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology 480
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Viruses are
a. infectious agents that infect exclusively multicellular organisms.
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more virus
particles.
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media.
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain.
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane–enclosed genomes.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1b List examples of microbes
MSC: Remembering
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types (i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
b. that prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell.
c. that bacteria share a common ancestor with archaea but not with eukarya.
d. that prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus.
e. that the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Understanding
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi
c. archaea
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe | 1.1c Describe some problems with the definition of a
microbe MSC: Understanding
4. A microbe is commonly defined as a that requires a microscope to be seen.
a. virus d. multicellular eukaryote
b. bacterium e. living organism
c. single-cellular prokaryote
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is FALSE?
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to
environmental change.
b. Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
e. Viruses are not considered microbial cells.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Understanding
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fix
nitrogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
related they are.
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of
a. humans. d. prions.
b. bacteria. e. fungi.
c. viruses.
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.1
OBJ: 1.1d Explain the implications of microbial genome sequencing
MSC: Remembering
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT
a. ferrous iron. d. oxygen.
b. methane. e. hydrogen gas.
c. ammonia.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.1a Recall the definition of a microbe MSC: Remembering
9. The development of the theory of the “RNA world” resulted from the discovery of
a. archaea. d. ribozymes.
b. prions. e. endosymbionts.
c. bacteria.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.6
OBJ: 1.6b Explain how studies on microbes fostered our knowledge of DNA function and enhanced
DNA technology MSC: Remembering
10. What is the evidence that living cells existed on Earth up to 3.8 billion years ago?
a. microfossils d. Martian folded rock formations
b. 16S ribosomal RNA e. diatom shells
c. Miller and Urey’s experiments
ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Special Topic 1.1
OBJ: 1.5a Explain why microbes can be challenging to classify taxonomically | 1.5b Outline how
microbial classification has changed over time MSC: Remembering
11. What did van Leeuwenhoek discover using microscopic observations before and after drinking hot
beverages?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
a. Heat did not kill microbes.
b. Heat killed microbes.
c. Heat did not kill algae.
d. Caffeine in coffee killed microbes.
e. The existence of spiral-shaped microbes.
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology | 1.2c
Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek,
Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Analyzing
12. Tyndall’s spontaneous generation experiments occasionally failed due to
a. nutrient chirality. d. lack of oxygen.
b. dust. e. endospores.
c. fermentation.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2d Compare and contrast Spallanzani’s, Pasteur’s, and Tyndall’s experiments that tested
spontaneous generation MSC: Analyzing
13. The discovery of microbes occurred in the century?
a. seventeenth d. twentieth
b. eighteenth e. twenty-first
c. nineteenth
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2b Explain why the microscope is an important tool in the field of microbiology
MSC: Remembering
14. Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize for his contribution to medical bacteriology regarding
a. Escherichia coli. d. rabies.
b. Bacillus subtilis. e. smallpox.
c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.3 OBJ: 1.3b List Koch’s postulates
MSC: Remembering
15. How did European invaders to North America kill much of the native population?
a. tuberculosis d. HIV
b. leprosy e. bubonic plague
c. smallpox
ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2a List both positive and negative impacts that microbes have had on human history
MSC: Understanding
16. Florence Nightingale
a. is best known as the founder of professional nursing.
b. was the first to use disinfectant to demonstrate the significance of aseptic technique.
c. developed the pie chart of mortality data during the Crimean War.
d. performed the first controlled experiment on the chemical conversion of matter, known
today as chemotherapy.
e. argued that the environment of early Earth contained mainly reduced compounds.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2a List both positive and negative impacts that microbes have had on human history | 1.2c
Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek,
Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
17. Who developed the concept of medical statistics?
a. Francis Crick d. Louis Pasteur
b. Florence Nightingale e. Alexander Fleming
c. Edward Jenner
ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
18. The first person to visualize individual microbial cells was
a. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. d. Lady Montagu.
b. Robert Hooke. e. Edward Jenner.
c. Louis Pasteur.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
19. Semmelweis and Lister noted that many of their patients’ deaths were due to
a. fungi. d. pathogen transmission by doctors.
b. Escherichia coli. e. Staphylococcus.
c. chlorine.
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3a Describe what constitutes a pure culture and how to obtain one
MSC: Understanding
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
20. What is the standard sterilization method for the controlled study of microbes?
a. boiling d. autoclaving
b. pasteurization e. irradiation
c. filter sterilization
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall MSC: Remembering
21. How does the Winogradsky column differ from Koch’s plate media?
a. Koch’s media creates a gradient from oxygen-rich conditions at the surface to highly
reduced conditions below.
b. The Winogradsky column is used for culturing viruses.
c. The Winogradsky column is used for growing extremophiles.
d. The Winogradsky column uses the kinds of nutrients that feed humans.
e. The bacteria that Winogradsky isolated can grow only on inorganic minerals.
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.4
OBJ: 1.4a List Winogradsky’s contributions to microbial culture technique | 1.4b Define what
distinguishes lithotrophs from other organisms MSC: Understanding
22. Suppose Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy twenty-four hours after
boiling. Which choice could best explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting
spontaneous generation?
a. Endospores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled.
b. Contaminating organisms in the broth killed by boiling became alive again after the broth
cooled.
c. Chemicals in the broth came together to form living organisms.
d. The broth allowed light to pass through it with less interference after boiling.
e. Solid material in the broth dissolved during boiling.
ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: 1.2
OBJ: 1.2c Identify the contributions of the following individuals: Nightingale, Hooke, van
Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, and Tyndall | 1.2d Compare and contrast Spallanzani’s, Pasteur’s, and
Tyndall’s experiments that tested spontaneous generation MSC: Applying
23. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an extremophilic condition for bacteria?
a. high alkalinity d. high nutrients
b. high salinity e. high temperature
c. high acidity
ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: 1.4
OBJ: 1.4c Explain the role of microbes in geochemical cycling, especially that of nitrogen
MSC: Remembering
24. The use of agar as a more robust gelling agent in solid media was suggested by
a. Robert Koch. d. Louis Pasteur.
b. Ignaz Semmelweis. e. Richard Petri.
c. Angelina Hesse.
ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3a Describe what constitutes a pure culture and how to obtain one | 1.3c Assess some of the
practical obstacles in applying Koch’s postulates MSC: Remembering
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 4th Edition (Slonczewski, 2018)
25. It took the advent of the polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of the causative agent for
which disease?
a. anthrax d. rabies
b. tuberculosis e. smallpox
c. AIDS
ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3c Assess some of the practical obstacles in applying Koch’s postulates | 1.3f Describe how
viruses were discovered MSC: Understanding
26. The word “vaccination” is derived from the Latin word vacca, which means
a. inject. d. cow.
b. smallpox. e. pustule.
c. immunize.
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3d Recall the contributions of various individuals to the discovery and implementation of
vaccination | 1.3e Compare the roles of immunization, antiseptics, and antibiotics in human disease
treatment and prevention MSC: Remembering
27. What was the basis for the original smallpox vaccine?
a. chickenpox virus d. smallpox virus
b. cowpox virus e. anthrax
c. rabies virus
ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3d Recall the contributions of various individuals to the discovery and implementation of
vaccination MSC: Remembering
28. Penicillin was first used to save the lives of many people during which war?
a. the U.S. Civil War d. World War I
b. the Korean War e. World War II
c. the Vietnam War
ANS: E DIF: Easy REF: 1.3
OBJ: 1.3e Compare the roles of immunization, antiseptics, and antibiotics in human disease treatment
and prevention MSC: Remembering
29. How do many animal endosymbionts grow?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
