BIOS 1300 (EXAM 1) study guide with latest updates 2023 graded A+

BIOS 1300 (EXAM 1) study guide with latest updates 2023 graded A+ Hierarchy of complexity - atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism Necessary Life Functions - maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth situs inversus - reversed position of organs body examination - inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion Gross Anatomy - Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye medical imaging - viewing the inside of the body without surgery Histology - examination of tissues with a microscope Histopathology - microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease Cytology - study of structure and function of cells Ultrastructure - view detail under electron microscope digestive system - takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces) cardiovascular system - via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs respiratory system - takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide urinary system - eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions integumentary system - protects the body as a whole from the external environment Homeostasis - State of equilibrium in body's internal environment What can disrupt homeostasis? - disturbances in internal and external environments negative feedback - allows for dynamic equilibrium, within a limited range, around a set point how does negative feedback regulate homeostasis? - The body senses a change and decreases or reverses it vasodilation - condition raises above the standard set point vasoconstriction - condition is lower than the standard set point Receptor - structure that senses change in the body integrating (control) center - Processes the sensory information "Makes a decision" and directs a response Effector - cell or organ that c