AFOQT Latest Update with Verified Solutions

AFOQT Latest Update with Verified Solutions Manufacturer's Empty Weight (MEW) the total weight of the aircraft as it was built. Includes systems and components required for the aircraft to operate. Does NOT include the weight of the baggage, passengers, or either usable or unusable fuel or fluid. Operating Empty Weight (OEW) the MEW plus the weight of the crew, fluids, unusable fuel, and the equipment required for flight. Does NOT include baggage, passengers, or usable fuel. All-Up Weight (AUW) or Aircraft Gross Weight (AGW) the total aircraft weight at any given moment during a flight. The AUW decreases as fuel and fluids are consumed during the operation of the flight. Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) an aircraft's weight limit for landing. Exceeding this weight increases stress on the landing gear and may affect the distance required for a safe landing Maximum Zero Fuel Weight (MZFW) the permissible weight of an aircraft with its contents and includes unusable fuel. The total MZFW excludes the weight of usable fuel on board and any consumable fluids Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) an aircraft's weight limit for takeoff. Exceeding this limit increases the power required for takeoff, lengthens the runway distance needed for a successful lift off, and places excess stress on the aircraft structure Maximum Ramp Weight (MRW) the weight limit for an aircraft to taxi or be towed on the ground Flight Envelope Encompasses the limits of speed, altitude, and angle of attack required by any aircraft to maintain a stable flight. An incorrect combination of these may result in a stall, during which the aircraft experiences a decrease in lift and a reduction in airspeed Angle of Attack (AOA) the angle measured between the direction of airflow against the wing and the chord (an imaginary reference line the extends from the leading edge to the trailing edge of the wing Ailerons Located on from the midpoint of the trailing edge of the wing to the wing's tip. Help with roll control Flaps located on the trailing edge of the wing; increase wing's surface area and deflect the air flow downward. Allow planes to lift at slower speeds. Spoilers Located directly forward of the trailing edge flaps to assist the ailerons in roll control and to act as speed brakes for descent and landing. Extend upward to help reduce airspeed (ex: raised when landing to help assist brakes in slowing airplane down) Drag air resistance experienced during flight Parasite Drag any "parasite" on the structure of the aircraft: low air pressure in the tires, skin friction (any rough spot on the skin of the aircraft structure) This, along with any rivet heads that may project above the skin, causes resistance to the air current flowing across the wing. Profile Drag Produced mainly by the shape of the aircraft. A smaller slimmer aircraft reduces profile drag. Induced Drag When, at the back of the wing, air flowing rapidly across the top meets air flowing more slowly underneath, creating a vortex. This type of drag depends on the performance of the aircraft. When lift, airspeed, and AOA increase, induced drag automatically increases too. When an airplane increases its lift, which statement is true about the air pressure flowing above and below its wings? Air pressure is lower above the wings and higher below the wings, producing lift. Bernoulli's Principle As the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Air flows faster over the top of the wing leading to lower pressure. Air flows slower on the bottom of the wing, increasing pressure. Upward push creates lift! Longitudinal Axis (Roll) runs lengthwise from the nose to the tail Lateral Axis (Pitch) runs wingtip to wingtip Vertical Axis (Yaw) Runs perpendicular to the wings at the center of the aircraft Trim Aircraft's desired position. Roll