Microbiology exam 1- daydif ASU DTP | questions and answers | updated 2023/24 | with complete solution

Microbiology exam 1- daydif ASU DTP | questions and answers | updated 2023/24 | with complete solution Describe the world changing scientific contributions of Leeuwenhoek - He invented the simple microscope and the existence of protozoa and bacteria Define microbes in the words of leeuwenhoek and as we know them today - "beasties" or "microorganisms" "animacules" List 6 groups of microorgansims - bacteria, archae, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses Explain why protozoa, algae, and nonmicrobial parasitic worms are studied in microbiology - Because many of these cause diseases Differentiate prokaryotic from eukaryotic organisms - Prokaryotic: cell lacks nuclei Eukaryotic: each cell contains a nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a membrane list and answer 4 questions that propelled research in what is called the "Golden Age of Microbiology" - 1) Is spontaneous generation of microbial life possible? 2) What causes fermentation? 3) What causes diseas? 4) How can we prevent infection and disease? Identify the scientists who argued in favor of spontaneous generation - Aristotle proposed spontaneous generation. John Needham "...life force that causes inanimate matter to spontaneously..." Compare/contrast the investigations of Redi, Needham, Spallanzani, and Pasteur concerning spontaneous generation - Redi: decaying meat was kept isolated from flies, maggots never developed, whereas exposed meat flies and maggots appeared. Needham: boiled beef gravy and infusions of plant material in vials, and sealed; examination revealed an abundance of "microscopical animals of force" Spallanzani: boiled infusions for almost an hour and sealed by melting necks closed; infusions remained clear unless the seal was broken and air contaminated the gravy. Pasteur: boiled infusions long enough to kill everything and bent flask necks into S shape; allowing air while preventing the introduction of dust and microbes into the broth. List four steps in the scientific method of investigation - 1) a group of observations leads a scientist to ask a question about some phenomenon 2) scientist generates a hypothesis 3) scientist designs and conducts an experiment to test the hypothesis 4) based on the observed results, scientists accepts or rejects or modifies hypothesis Discuss the significance of Pasteurs fermentation experiments to our world today - pasteurization: process of heating juice enough to kill most contaminating bacteria w/out changing the juice's basic qualities. Process is still used to make milk, juices, and other alcoholic beverages. Explain why Pasteur may be considered the Father of Microbiology - genius is clearly evident in his carefully designed and straightforward experiments, his many, varied, and significant accomplishments working with microbes Identify the scientists whose experiments led to the field of biochemistry and the study of metab